HP Ultrium Tape Drive Technical Reference Manual
HP Ultr ium tape dr i v es T ec hni cal r e f er ence man ual Gener a ti on 3 dr i v es V olu me 5âU ni x conf i gur ati on gui de <Bold Header> Pa r t n u m b e r : Q 1 53 8â 90 925 Vol um e 5 E dition 6 .1, December 2004
<Bold Header> Leg al and noti ce inform at ion © Copy right 2004âH ewlett- P ack ard Dev elopment Company , L.P . The infor mation contained i n this d ocument is subject to change without noti ce . Hewlet t-P ac k ard makes no warranty of any kind with reg ard to th is mat erial, inc lud ing, bu t not lim ited to, t he im plied wa rranti es of merch a n ta b ilit y an d fit ness for a pa r tic ul ar purp ose. Hewlett -Pack ard shall not be liable for err ors containe d herein or direct , indirec t, spec ia l, inci dental or consequential damages in connection w ith the fur nishing, performance, or u se of this document . This document contains proprietary information which is pr otected by copyr ig h t. All r ights reserved. No part of this document m ay be ph otocopied, repr oduce d or translate d to a nother lang uage without the prior wr itten c onsent of H ewlett-P a ck ard . Re v ision hist ory This docum ent is frequently re v ised a nd up dated. T o find out i f there is a la ter version, please ask your HP OEM Representative . Ve r s i o n Date Cha nge s E dit ion 6 Sept ember 200 4 Gener ati on 3 S CSI and FC dr iv e v ers io n Ed ition 6 .1 December 2004 Ref or mat ted and updated
Cont ent s Con ten ts 3 The pu rpose of this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Related docume nts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Documents specific to HP Ultrium drive s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Documentati on map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 General docu ments and standardiz ation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1I n t r o d u c t i o n The Pu rpose of this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Ultrium Dr ives in a L ibrary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Backup Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2H P - U X S y s t e m s HP Ser vers and Workstatio nsâHP-UX 11.x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Introductio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Determin ing the SCSI ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Creati ng the Devi ce Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 What Nex t? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3H P A l p h a U N I X HP Alpha UN IX 5.x. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 What Next ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4I B M ( A I X ) Determin ing the SCSI ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Configuring the Devi ce Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5 Lin ux Determin ing the SCSI ID (Lin ux) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Configuring on Linux System s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Using the S eek and Tell Features of mt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 What Nex t? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 6 Sun Systems, So laris 8, 9 , 10 Determin ing the SCSI ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Configuring the Devi ce Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 HP-Data Valu es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 Co n te n t s
4C o n t e n t s 7 Verifying th e Insta ll atio n Verifying the Installation of the Drive (UNIX). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 To ve rify the installati on: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Example: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
The purpose of this m anual 5 T he pur po se of this manual Thi s is one of si x volume s that doc ument HP Ultr ium dr i v es. T his volume pr ov ides back ground inf ormati on f or dr iv er and appli c ation de veloper s. T he follo wing pr oducts ar e co ve r ed . Capac ities are w hen the dr i v e is using data compr es sio n w ith a compr essi on r ati o o f 2:1, wher e applicable: ⢠HP Ultr ium Gener ation 3 F u ll-H eight S C SI In ternal Dr i ve ⢠HP Ultr ium Gener ation 3 F ull-Heig ht FC Inter nal Dr iv e NO TE: Th ro ughout this manual f requ ent r ef er ence is made to S CS I commands . F or mor e inf ormati on on S CSI commands fo r HP Ultri um dri ves s ee v olume 3, T he S C SI Int erface , of the HP Ultriu m T echnic al Re fer ence Manual set . Order i ng details are gi ven belo w . R elat e d doc umen ts The f ollo wing doc uments pro v ide additi onal informati o n: Doc uments spec i f ic t o HP Ultr i um dr i v es ⢠Hardw are Integr ation Guid e , v olume 1 of the HP Ultri um T echni cal R efer ence Manual ⢠Software In tegration Guide , v o lume 2 of the HP Ultr ium T ec hnical R ef er ence Man ual ⢠Th e SC S I I n te r f ac e , v olume 3 o f the HP Ultrium T ec hnical R efer ence Man ual ⢠Specifications , v olume 4 of the H P Ultr ium T echnical R ef e r ence Manual ⢠Backgr ound to Ultriu m Driv es , v olume 6 of the HP Ultrium T echnical Re fe r ence Manual P lease contac t y our HP suppli er for cop i es . ⢠The f eatur es and bene f its of HP Ultr ium dri ves are dis c ussed in the HP Ultriu m T echnolog y White P aper . ⢠F or a gener al back gro und to L T O techn olog y and li censing , go to http://www .lto - tec hnolog y .com . Doc umentatio n map The f ollo wing w ill help y ou locate i nfor mation i n the 6 -volume T ec hnical R efer ence Man ual:
6 Dr i v esâgeneral Installation and confi gur ation Operati on Car trid ges SCS I D rive s FC Dri v es Con n e ct or s 1 HW Integ ration: ch. 7 1 HW Inte gratio n: ch. 4 Co nt ro l l e r arch i t e c tu re 6 Background: ch . 4 Fro n t Pan e l L E D s 1 HW Integ ration: ch. 6 1 HW Inte gratio n: ch. 3 Mechanism and hard war e 6 Background: ch . 3 Specifications 4 Sp ec s SCS I D rive s FC Drives Con n e ct or s 1 HW In te grat ion: ch . 7 1 HW Int e grat ion : ch. 4 Deter min ing the conf igu r ati on 2 SW I n te g ra t io n : ch. 2 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 2 External dr i ves (S CSI only) 1 HW In te grat ion: ch . 5n / a In L ibrar ies 1 HW Int e grat ion : ch. 1 In Serv ers (S CS I onl y) 1 HW In te grat ion: ch . 4n / a In T ape Ar r ay s (S CS I onl y) 1 HW In te grat ion: ch . 3n / a Modes of Usage (S CSI onl y) 1 HW In te grat ion: ch . 8n / a Opti mi zing perf or mance (S CS I only) 1 HW In te grat ion: ch . 8n / a 2 SW I n t e g rat i o n : ch. 4 UNIX configurati on 5 UNIX C onf ig SCSI D rives FC Drives External dr i ves (S CSI only) 1 HW Int e grat ion : ch. 5n / a In L ibrar ies 1 HW Int e grat ion : ch. 1 In Serv ers (S CS I onl y) 1 HW Int e grat ion : ch. 4n / a In T ape Ar r ay s (S CS I onl y) 1 HW Int e grat ion : ch. 3n / a SCSI D rives FC Drives Ca rtr idg e Me mory (L T O- CM) 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 5 6 HW Integration: ch. 5 Car tridges 1 HW Int e grat ion : ch. 9 1 HW Int egr atio n: ch. 5
Related docume nts 7 Interf ace Maintenan ce and tr oubleshooting Dealing w ith err ors Fe a t u re s 6 HW Integration: ch. 5 Man agi ng t he u se of car t ridges 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 1 Use o f cartridges 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 3 SCSI D rives FC Drives SCSI Drives FC Dri v es SC S I G u i d e 3 SCSI Commands 3 SC SI : ch. 4 Err or codes 1 HW Inte grat ion : ch. 10 1 HW Inte gratio n: ch. 6 Implement ation 3 SC SI : ch. 1 Inte rpret ing sen se d ata 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 3 Messages 3 SC SI : ch. 2 Mode pages âsee the MO DE SENSE comm and 3 SC SI : ch. 4 Pre -ex ec ution check s 3 SC SI : ch. 3 Responding to Sense K e y s and A S C/ Q 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 6 Sense Key s an d AS C/Q âsee RE QUE S T SENSE c o mmand 3 SC SI : ch. 4 SCSI Drives FC Dri v es Cleani ng 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 5 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 7 External dr i ves (S CSI only) 1 HW Integ ration : ch. 5n / a In L ibrar ies 1 HW Int e gr at i o n: ch. 1 In Serv ers (S CS I onl y) 1 HW Integ ration : ch. 4n / a In T ape Ar r ay s (S CS I onl y) 1 HW Integ ration : ch. 3n / a Monitoring dri ve and tape condition 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 7 Softwar e t roubles hooting technique s 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 1 SCSI Drives FC Dri v es Err or C odes 1 HW Inte grat ion : ch. 10 1 HW Inte gratio n: ch. 6
8 Ultrium featur es Gener al doc uments and s tandar d i z ati on ⢠Small Computer S y stem Interfac e (S CSI-1 ) , ANSI X 3.131-1 9 86. T h is i s t he A NSI authoriz ed standar d f or S CS I implem entation , av ailable thr ough ANSI ⢠Enhanced Sm all Comput er S y stem Interface (S C SI- 2) , ANSI X3T9 .2 -199 3 Re v . 10L, av ailable thr ough ANSI Handl i ng er ror s 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 5 Ho w err or corr ection w ork s 6 Backg round : ch. 4 L ogsâsee the L OG SEN SE command 3 SC SI : ch. 4 Reco ve ring fr om w rite and r ead err ors 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 7 So f t wa re re sp o n s e t o er ro r c o rre ct i o n 2 SW I n t e g ra t i o n : ch. 3 So f t wa re re sp o n s e t o l og s 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 3 T apeAlert log 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 7 SCSI Drives FC Dri v es SCSI Drives FC Dri v es Adapti ve T ape Speed (A TS) 6 Ba ckground : ch. 1 Auto l oa d 1 HW In te gratio n: ch. 2 Aut omati on Contr ol Interface ( A CI) 1 HW Int e gr at i o n: ch. 2 6 Ba ckground : ch. 1 Ca rtr idg e Me mory (L T O- CM) 1 HW Int e gr at i o n: ch. 2 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 5 6 HW Int e gr ati o n : ch. 5 Dat a Compression, how it works 6 Ba ckground : ch. 5 Dat a Compression, manag in g 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 5 Design princ i ples 6 Ba ckground : ch. 1 OBDR an d CD-ROM emulation 6 Ba ckground : ch. 1 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 7 P erfor mance optimi z atio n 1 HW Integ r at i on: ch. 8n / a 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 1 P er formance , factor s a ffecting 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 4 Soft wa re des ig n 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 1 Supporting Ultri um featur es 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 5 Ultr ium F ormat 6 Ba ckground : ch. 2
Related docume nts 9 Copi es of General D ocuments c an be obtained fr om: ANSI 11 W est 4 2nd Str eet Ne w Y ork , NY 10 03 6 -8 00 2 USA IS O CP 5 6 CH-12 11 Genev a 20 Swi t zer l a n d EC MA 114 Rue du Rhône CH-120 4 Gene v a Swi t zer l a n d Te l : 4 1 2 2 84 9 600 0 We b U R L : http :// www .ecma .c h Glo bal En gine er ing Doc ume nts 28 05 M c G a w Ir vine , CA 9 2 714 USA Te l : 800 854 717 9 or 7 14 2 6 1 14 5 5
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The Purpose of this Manual Intr od ucti o n 11 1I n t r o d u c t i o n T he P u rp ose of t h i s M a nu a l Thi s manual pr ov ides basi c inf ormati on on co nfi gur ing the dri ves w ith var io us oper a ting sys t em s . P lease se e the top-le vel re lease note s that accompan y the dri ve fo r e xpected f unctio nality and feat ures. Ultr ium dri ves ar e supported on the follo wing platf o rms: ⢠HP UNIX sy stems (HP -UX) ( Chap ter 2 ) ⢠HP Al ph a U NI X ( Chapter 3 ) ⢠IB M ( AIX ) ( Chapt er 4 ) ⢠Li nu x ( Ch apte r 5 ) ⢠Su n System s, So l a ri s 8, 9 , 1 0 ( Chap ter 6 ) F or platf or ms not menti oned her e , please contac t HP because ther e may be ne w connecti vity details a vaila ble that arr i v ed after the r elease no tes w ere published . See Chapter 7 for de ta il s of how to verif y t he i nst al la t ion. Ultr ium Dr i v e s in a L ibr ar y Ultr ium dr i ves ma y also be used i n a libr ar y . Ho we ver , instr uctio ns about ins talling de v ice dr iv er s fo r auto matic r oboti cs ar e not included in this manual . Bac k up A ppli catio n s F or opti mum perfor mance it is i mportant to us e a bac ku p applicati on that suppo rts the dri v e âs featur es within y our sy stem âs configur ation. P lease see the âGetting Started Gui de â f or mor e inf ormation about u sage models . The f ollow ing appli c ations ar e suitable fo r use w ithin an enterpr ise env ir onment and hav e be en test ed w ith Ultr ium dr i ve s. T hey use the oper ating s yst em âs standar d , built-in de vi ce dri v ers, as
Introduction 12 desc ri bed in this manual . F or further inf ormation a bout optimi zing perfor mance and making full u se of the dr iv e âs f unctions , please con tact the so ftwar e manuf actur er or HP 1. Ce ll Manager is onl y av ailable o n HP -UX or W indow s 2 . R edhat Server only (not Calder a, Su se , and so o n) HP -UX AIX Sun, Solaris Lin ux HP Omn iback 1 yes yes yes yes Legato N etwork er yes yes yes yes V erita s N etB ac kup yes yes yes yes 2
HP Servers and WorkstationsâH P-UX 11.x HP -U X S ys tems 13 2H P - U X S y s t e m s HP Se rv er s an d W or ks tati onsâHP -UX 11. x NO TE: HP -UX 10.x is only supported b y Gener ation 1 Ul trium dr i v es. Intr oduct io n Bef or e y ou install y our tape dr i ve log on to the H P w eb site , www.h p.com , and dow nload the latest har d war e enablement patc h bundle for y our oper ating s ystem . Th is ensur es that y ou w ill hav e the corr ec t de v ice dr i v er f or yo ur tape dr i v e . Deter mining the S CS I I D Bef or e yo u conf i gur e y o ur s y stem to su pport y o ur ne w HP Ultr i um dr i v e , y ou ne ed to deter mine what SCSI ID to use. The SCSI I D must be u niqu e for e ach d ev i ce at tache d to th e SCS I bus. T o list the e xisting dev ices, u se the f ollo w ing command: % /sbin/ioscan -f The output o f this should look similar to the follo w ing ex ample: Class I H/W Path Driver S/W State H/W Type Description ================================================================================ = bc 0 root CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS bc 1 8 bc CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS Psudo Bus Converter ba 0 8/0 GSCtoPCI CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS GSCtoPCI Bridge ext_bus 1 8/0/2/0 c720 CLAIMED INTERFACE SCSI C895 Ultra2 Wide LVD target 0 8/0/2/0.7 tgt CLAIMED DEVICE ctl 1 8/0/2/0.7.0 sctl CLAIMED DEVICE Initiator lan 0 8/0/20/0 btlan3 CLAIMED INTERFACE PCI(10110019) -- Built-in #1 ba 1 8/16 bus_adapter CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS Core I/O Adapter tty 0 8/16/4 asio0 CLAIMED INTERFACE Built-in RS-232C ext_bus 2 8/16/5 c720 CLAIMED INTERFACE Built-in SCSI target 1 8/16/5.5 tgt CLAIMED DEVICE disk 0 8/16/5.5.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE SEAGATE ST34573N target 2 8/16/5.7 tgt CLAIMED DEVICE ctl 2 8/16/5.7.0 sctl CLAIMED DEVICE Initiator processor 0 62 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor memory 0 63 memory CLAIMED MEMORY Memory After y ou hav e install ed the ne w tape dr iv e , y ou can c heck that it has been attac hed successfully . F rom a shell windo w ( hpter m/xterm ), e x ec ut e i oscan t o displa y the list o f attached de vi ces .
HP-UX S ystem s 14 F or an HP Ultrium dr i v e, e x ecute the follo wing: % /sbin/ioscan -f | grep "U ltrium" The ne w lines should look similar t o the follo wing , w her e the 4 in the I fi eld r epresen ts the instance o f the S CS I ta pe dri ver , not the S CSI ID: tape 4 2/0/1.5.0 stape CLAIMED DEVICE HP Ultrium 3-SCSI NO TE: If y ou are inst alli ng the dr i ve onto a Stor ag e Ar ea Netw o r k (S AN) , the fibr e channel/ S CS I br idge w ill also appear in the l ist of attached de v ice s. If y ou cannot f ind the Ultriu m dri ve, this may be because the kernel does not contain the correct driver. Use the S yst em Adminis trati on Manager ( sam ) t o add stape t o the k ernel: T o add stape to the k er nel u sing sam : 1. % sam 2. Select the f ollo w ing: Kernel Configuration Drivers 3. Highlight the stape dr iv er . If the dri ver has no t be en added to the k ernel , both Curr ent Stat e and P ending State w ill re ad âOutâ . 4. Selec t the fo llo w ing: Actions Add Driver to Kernel The P ending Stat e w ill no w r ead âIn â . 5. T o add the ne w dri ver to the k ernel , selec t: Actions Create a New Kernel 6. Th e stape dr iv er w ill now be added t o the k ernel and then the s y stem will r eboot . Cr eating the D e v i ce F iles Once yo u hav e v er ifi ed the tape dr i v e connectio n, y ou will need to cr eate the appro pri ate dev ice f iles f or the dr i ve . Normall y , y ou w ould hav e r ebooted y our s y stem after attac hing the tape dr i ve , and this pr ocess runs insf . Ho w ev er , if yo u ha ve no t r eboot ed yo ur s ystem since attaching the dr ive , yo u can cr eate dev ice files b y one of two w a ys , either thro ugh the S y stem Adminis tr ation Manager ( sam ) , or by e xecu ting the mksf command . T o add de vi ce f iles u sing sam : Thi s is the r ecommended and simples t w ay t o cr e ate dev ice f iles.
HP Servers and WorkstationsâH P-UX 11.x HP -U X S ys tems 15 1. % sam Thi s w ill bri ng up the gr aphical u ser int erface f or the u tility . 2. Select the f ollo w ing: Peripheral Devices Tape Drives sam w il l then scan the s ys tem f or an y tape dr i ves connec ted . When an HP Ultriu m Generati on 3 dr i v e is fo und, i t w ill be displa y ed as: Hardware Path Driver Description =========================== ================================ 8/0/2/0.3.0 stape HP Ultrium 3-SCSI 3. Highlight the Ultr ium dri v e and se lect the f ollo wi ng fr om the t ool bar: Actions Create Device Files Create Default Device Files Thi s w ill cr ea te defau lt de vi ce f iles f or the dr iv e. T o v ie w the de v ice f iles that hav e been crea t e d, s el e c t : Actions Create Device Files Show Device Files wher e: 4. When y ou hav e e x ited sam , run ioscan to see the t ape dri ve: %/sbin/ioscan -C tape -fn De vi ce F ile Desc ript ion <I> is the ins t anc e number o f the dri v e: <I>m <I>mn <I>mb <I>mn b A T& T encodi ng, r ew ind driv er A T& T encodi ng, non -re wind driv er Berk ele y enc oding , re win d dr i ver Berk ele y enc oding , re win d dr i ver <X> <Y> <Z> is the car d number , is the tar get number , is th e LUN number: cXtYbZBEST cXtYbZBESTb cXtYbZBESTn cXtYbZBESTnb Best compr ession dr iv er , A T& T encoding, w ith r e wind Best comp r ession dr iv er , Berk ele y encoding , with r ew ind Best compr ession dr iv er , A T& T encodi ng , non-re wi nd Best c ompr essi on dr iv er , Berk eley encodin g, n on-re wi nd
HP-UX S ystem s 16 T o cr eate de v ice f ile s u sing mksf : NO TE: Th is method is not r ecommended . 1. Run insf as f ollo ws: % /sbin/insf -C tape 2. Create the de vice f iles for the de v ice s using the mksf c o m mand a s f o llo w s: % /sbin/mksf -d stape -I <i nstance> [-n] [-u] /dev/rmt/X<name> wher e: See the man page ( man 1 m mksf ) f or other options o f the mksf command . The stape secti o n co vers the SCS I tape dr iv er options. T he man page man 7 mt descr ibes the long filenames us ed in HP -UX 10. x and later . Example: T o cr eate a dev ice file w ith the follo wing c har acter isti cs: Argument Descr iption -d st ape Specifies the SC SI tap e d riv er -I <insta nce> Spec ifies the tape dri ve âs hard war e addres s vi a the i nstance of the S CS I tape dri v er . The fir st instance is 0, the second 1, and so on . [-n] Spec ifies no re wi nd; absence of this parameter indicates r e w ind mo de [-u] S pecif ies Berk eley mode; absence of this parameter indi cate s A T &T mode . Berk ele y and A T& T modes differ in their r ead-only clo se behavi or: ⢠In Berk ele y mode , the tape position w ill r emain unchanged b y a dev ice close o perat ion. ⢠In A T &T mode , a dev ice close oper ation wi ll cause the tape to be r epositioned j ust after the ne x t tape f ilemark (the st art of the ne xt file). In most case s, Ber k eley mode should be used . /dev/rmt/X<name> Sp ecifies th e pa th of t he d evi ce file, where: X Spec ifie s the tape de vi ce iden tifi er . Use the ne xt av aila ble ide ntifi er . Y ou can ex a mine the c ontents of /dev/rmt using t he ls command to determine w h ich i dentifie rs hav e alread y been use d. <name> Spec ifi es the sh ort name (in HP -UX 9 .x-sty le) of the de v ice f ile: mnb No r ew ind, compr essi on disabled, Berk eley-mode de vi ce hnb No r ew ind, compr essi on disabled, Berk eley-mode de vi ce mnb No r ew ind, compr essi on disabled, Berk eley-mode de vi ce hnb No rewi n d, c o mp re s s io n en ab l e d, B e rke l ey - m o d e d evic e
What Next? HP -U X S ys tems 17 ⢠A har dw ar e addr ess spec ified b y instance 5 ( -I 5 ) ⢠No r ew ind ( -n ) ⢠Berk ele y mode tape po siti oning on clo se ( -u ) ⢠A filename o f 4mnb , w here 4 is the tape de vi c e identifi er ( /dev/rm t/4mnb ) Y ou w ould e x ecut e the follo wing: % /sbin/mksf -d stape -I 4 -n -u /dev/rmt/4mnb Y ou can c heck that t he appr opr iate de v ice f i le was c r eated using the l ssf command as f ollo ws: % /sbin/lssf /dev/rmt/4mnb Thi s should pr oduce the follo wing ou tput to sho w that the dev ice f ile no w ex ists: stape card instance 0 SCSI target 6 SCSI LUN 0 berkeley no rewind BEST density at address 2/0 /1.6.0 /dev/rmt/4mnb T o create a dev ice file for Ul trium i n unc ompressed mo de, y ou s hould use a co mm and s uch as: mksf -H -a -b U_18 and f or compr essed mode (de fault): mksf -H -a -b U_18C The har dw ar e path can be f ound f r om pr e v ious ioscan ou tpu t . W hat Ne xt? Once the de v ice f iles hav e been cr eated, y ou should conf ir m that y our ne w tape dr iv e is wo rk i n g p ro p e rly . Chapter 7 , âV er ifying the Inst allation â pro v ides ins tr u ctio ns on backing up and r est orin g a sample f ile to test y our installati o n .
HP-UX S ystem s 18
HP Al pha UNIX 5.x HP Alpha UNI X 19 3 HP Alpha UNI X HP A lpha UNI X 5 . x x x x 1. A dd the foll o wing entry to your /dev/d dr.dba se file : SCSIDEVICE Type = tape Name = âHPâ âUltriumâ # PARAMETERS: TypeSubClass = lto # Linear Tape Open BlockSize = 262 144 TagQueueDepth = 0 MaxTransferSize = 0xf fffff # 16Mb - 1 ReadyTimeSeconds = 120 # Seconds SyncTransfers = ena bled WideTransfers = ena bled InquiryLength = 0x2 0 DENSITY: DensityNumber = 0,1 ,2,3,4,5,6,7 OneFileMarkOnClose = yes DensityCode = 0x44 Blocking = 0 CompressionCode = 1 Buffered = 1 Speed = 0 MODESELECT: ModeSelectNumber = 0 SavePage = No PageFormat = scs i2 BlockDescriptor = yes TransferLength = 16 Hdr.Tape.BufferMode = 0x 1 Hdr.MediumType = 0
HP Alp ha UNIX 20 Data.UBYTE[0] = 0x3 D # Vendor Unique Page Code 3D Data.UBYTE[1] = 0x0 2 Data.UBYTE[2] = 0x0 1 Data.UBYTE[3] = 0x0 0 2. Rebuild the k ernel b y running /sbin/dd r_confi g , then r eboot the s ys tem w ith the tape dr iv e attac hed. T he dev ice f iles f or the Ultr ium dr ive w ill be generat ed in /dev /tape a nd / dev/nt ape when you reb o ot. 3. The names of the d e v ice files can be interpr eted as follo ws : De v i ces i n the /dev/ ntape dir ectory ar e â no -r ew indâ dev i ces. T hose in /dev/ tape w ill do a rew in d on clos e. The de v ice f iles then hav e the s ynt ax: tapeX _dn F or e xample , /d ev/nta pe/tape 66_d1 i s a de vi ce f ile for dev ice 6 6, no -re w ind using density number 1. Since all density number s ha ve the s ame par ameters it doe s not matter whi c h density number f ile is used . Wha t N e x t? Once the dev ice file s have been cr eated , yo u should conf irm that y our ne w tape dr i ve is w or king pr oper ly . Chapt er 7 , âV er ifying th e Installatio nâ pr ov ides instr uctions on backing up and res tor i ng a sample file to test your inst allation .
Determining the SCSI ID IBM ( AIX) 21 4I B M ( A I X ) Det er mining t he S CS I ID Bef or e you conf ig ure y our s ys tem t o suppo rt yo ur Ult rium dr iv e , y ou need t o det ermine w hic h S CSI I D to use . I Ds must be unique for ea ch devi ce at tached t o the SCS I bus. T o list th e existing dev ices, use th e follow ing c omma nd: % lsdev -C |grep SCSI Thi s w ill pr oduce output that looks similar t o: scsi0 Available 00-00-0S St andard SCSI I/O Controller hdisk0 Available 10-60-00-0 ,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive rmt1 Defined 00-00-0S-2,0 O ther SCSI Tape Drive The S CSI ID is in the ser ie s 00-00- 0S- X,0 , wher e X is the S C SI ID . Re v ie w the list of e x isting S CS I IDs and cho ose an a vailable ID to assi gn to the ne w tape dr ive . Co n fi g u ri n g t h e D evic e Fil e s T o install an HP Ultr ium dr i ve o n an IBM w or kstation y ou w ill need to c reate the a ppr opri ate d e vic e fi l e s fo r t h e d rive. NO TE: Do not cho ose th e smit option of â 4mm2gb â as the T ape Dev ice T y pe . T his is reserv ed for Connor dr iv es. If y ou use it with HP dr iv es, y ou will get the err or â Devic e to be config ured d oes not match the p hysical devic e at th e spec ified c onnect ion locati on â. T o change to var iable block mode , use the follo wing pr ocedur e: 1. If you ar e using a graphi cs terminal running X- Windo w s, then at a W indo ws termi nal , t ype: smit t ape If you ar e usin g a non -graphi cs terminal , at the command line type: % smit -C ta pe 2. If no de v ice has been co nf igur ed at this addr ess be fo re , selec t â a dd a tape drive â to s et up the addr ess . F r om the po p-up wi ndow , select â ost â or â Other SCSI ta pe drive â as the tape dr ive y ou w i sh to change and c hoos e connect ion addr es ses as a ppro pr iate .
IBM (AIX) 22 3. Select f rom the w indow : â change/s how ch aracter istics of a t ape dr ive â 4. F rom the pop-u p w indow , s elec t â ost â or â Other SCSI tape drive â as the tape dr i ve y ou w ish t o chang e . Do no t ch o o se â 4mm2gb â. 5. Change the block si z e field to 0, and cli ck on the â DO â button or pr e ss [Enter] to apply the cha n g e. H P U l t riu m d r ives wi l l wo rk wi t h tar , cp io , backup , restore and dd . F or s y stems other than the 4 3 P , the dri v e is also boot-capable , pr o vided a boot tape is generated u sin g mkszfil e and mksysb . Once the de v ice f iles hav e been cr eated, y ou should conf ir m that y our ne w tape dr iv e is wo rk i n g p ro p e rly . Chapter 7 , âV er ifying the Inst allation â pro v ides ins tr u ctio ns on backing up and r estor ing a sam ple file to test your installatio n. Dev ice Filenames under AI X Use de vi ce filename s as listed bel ow f or the combinati on of Re w ind on Close , Ret ension on Open , and Co mpr essi on that y ou want: The n in the f ilename is the instance number as signed to the dr i ve b y the operating sy stem , wher e 0 is the fir st dev ice , 1 is the second and s o on. Fil en a m e Re wind on Close Retens i on on Op en Compression /dev/rmtn Y es No enable d /dev/rmtn.1 No No enable d /dev/rmtn.2 Y es Y es enabled /dev/rmtn.3 No Y es enable d /dev/rmtn.4 Y es No disabl ed /dev/rmtn.5 No No di sabled /dev/rmtn.6 Y es Y es disabled /dev/rmtn.7 No Y es disabl ed Rew ind on Close Nor mally , the dr iv e repo sitions the ta pe to BO T (Beginning of T ape) when the de vi ce file is c losed . Using the no r e w ind option is us ef ul when c r eating and r eading tapes that c ontain mu ltiple file s. Rete ns ion o n Open R ete nsioning co nsis ts of w inding to E O T (End of T ape) a nd then re winding to BO T , in orde r to reduce errors. If thi s o p tion is sel e cted, th e tap e i s positi oned at BO T as part of the open pr oces s. Compression Com pr ession can be disabled or enabled.
Determining the SCS I ID (Linux) Li nux 23 5L i n u x Det er mining t he S C S I ID (L inu x) Lo ok at the outpu t of d mesg to f ind out w hat S CSI c hannel number is us ed f or each con nection . T o find o ut the S CS I IDs in use o n each c hannel , type: cat /proc/scsi/scsi Thi s w ill pr oduce ou tput similar to the f ollow ing for each de v ice: Attached Devices Host: SCSI0 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun:00 Vendor: HP Model ---------- -- Type: Direct-Access ANSI SC SI Revision 02 Lo ok at the ID inf ormati on to e stablish w hich IDs ar e in use . C onf i gur ing on L inu x S y stems No change s are needed to suppo rt Ultrium on L inu x platf or ms, ho w e ver y o u should ensur e that y ou hav e the rel ev ant dr ive rs loaded . T o see the de v ice dr i ver s loaded c urr ently , e xec ute an lsmod command , this will gi v e output lik e: Module Size Used b y sgm 4376 1 ide-scsi 7200 0 lockd 30792 1 sunrpc 53316 1 st 24656 0 sym53c8xx 52096 1 aic7xxx 136184 2 The lines o f inter est her e ar e: st T his is the tape dri v er . Its pres ence in the output of the lsmod command sho ws that the ta pe dri ver is loaded .
Linux 24 Late st S CS I contr oller dri v ers f or L inu x wi ll be a vailable f r om the manuf actur erâs w eb site . In or der t o communi cate w ith a tape dev ice , the oper ating s y stem needs to ha v e dr i v ers for the tape and the under ly ing transpo rt mechanism (the ho st bus adapt or) loaded. Ensure that both ar e av ailable as e ither loadable modules (for e xample , usable w ith insmod and v isible w ith lsmod ) or ar e stati cally built into y our k ernel . NO TE: In or der to add dr i ver s to the stati call y built k er nel y ou need the L in ux s our ce code av ailable on di sk and kn o wledge of h o w to use the k ernel building too ls that ship w ith v ar i ous L inu x distr ibutions . This sho uld not be attempted by n o vi ce us ers . In order to deter mine if the dri v e has been detected b y the tape dri v er at module load time , exe cu te : dmesg | grep "st" Thi s should f ind a number of lines. On e should loo k lik e : Detected SCSI tape st0 at s csi1, channel 0, id 5, lun 0 T o load the tape dri v er module if it is not loaded as abo v e , e x ecut e: insmod st to load it. T his should happen natur all y if y our s y s tem is reboo t ed after attaching the dr i ve . When the ST dri ver module ha s been added, a list of tape de v ice f iles will be c r eated automati cally . The y r eside in the /dev/ dir ect ory and hav e the sy ntax : /dev/stp or dev/nstp wher e: In or der to enable lar ge transf ers under L inux (>64 KB per w r ite), edit the file /usr/s rc/lin ux/driv ers/sc si/st_ options .h and change the definiti on of ST_BUF FER_BL OCKS . sym53c8xx T his is a S CSI chi pset dr iv er for the LS I L ogic f amily of HB As (amongst o thers ) . aic7xxx T his is a S CS I c hipset dr iv er f or the Adapt ec 7 xx x chi p set fa mi l y ( s uch a s Adaptec 2 9160LP) . p is the ins tanc e nu mbe r o f the de v ice fi le . (If on l y o ne dr i ve is co nnec ted to th e s yst em , t his w ill be 0.) n indi cates that this i s a no-re w ind dr iv er .
What Next? Li nux 25 If y ou w ant r equests to space to end o f data to be f ast er , you sho uld also e nable ST_FAS T_MTEO M in the same f ile . After c hanging this file , r ebuild the modules and inst all the ne w binary . At the v er y lea st , this r equir es: make modules make modules_install fr om th e /usr/src/linu x dir ectory . See yo ur k ernel doc umentati on. Using th e Seek an d T ell F e atu r es of mt In or der t o us e the seek and tell featur es of mt , y ou mu st tel l the st dr i ver that HP Ultrium dr i ve s use logical bloc k addres sing . Y ou can do this b y using the command: mt -f <device file> stset options scsi2logical whe re /dev/ stp is the de vi ce file . Note ho w ev er that this infor mation is not pr es erved acr oss reboots , so y ou need to ex ecu te this command eac h time the s ys tem comes u p . T he stinit util i ty of fers a convenient wa y of handling this; see the r elev ant man page f or mor e infor matio n. If y o u us e this appr oach, set the manufac turer par ameter to HP and the model t o â Ultri um 3-SCSI â. W hat Ne xt? Once the de v ice f iles hav e been cr eated, y ou should conf ir m that y our ne w tape dr iv e is wo rk i n g p ro p e rly . Chapter 7 , âV er ifying the Inst allation â pro v ides ins tr u ctio ns on backing up and r est orin g a sample f ile to test y our installati o n .
Linux 26
Determining the SCSI ID Sun S y stems, Solar is 8 , 9 , 10 27 6S u n S y s t e m s , S o l a r i s 8 , 9 , 1 0 Det er mining t he S CS I ID Bef or e yo u con f i gur e y our s yste m t o support an HP U ltr ium dr i ve , y ou need to determ ine w hic h S CS I ID t o use . IDs must be uniq ue f or eac h de v ice o n attache d to the S CSI bus. 1. Us e the modi nfo command to iden tify S CS I con tr oller dr i vers inst alled on the s y stem: % modinfo | grep "HBA Drive r" Thi s w ill pr oduce output similar to the f ollo w ing : 106 780a0000 102b3 50 1 glm (GLM SCSI HBA Driver) 110 780b4000 1272c 228 1 qus (isp10160 HBA Driver) F or the ada pter to w hic h the ne w tape dr iv e is attached , y ou w ill need to determine w hat S CSI IDs are alr eady used . 2. Determine the S CS I IDs of the e xisting dev ice s attached to the S CSI con tro ller: F or all adapters: % dmesg | egrep ".*xxx.*tar get" | sort | uniq wher e xxx = the ty pe of ada pter ( esp , glm , fas , qus or isp ) , as appr opr iate . F or e xample , f o r an E SP -based adapte r: % dmesg | egrep ".*esp.*tar get" | sort | uniq Thi s pr oduce s a list similar to: sd0 at esp0: target 0 lun 0 sd6 at esp0: target 6 lun 0 Thi s indicate s that S CS I IDs 0 and 6 ar e us ed for ex isting dev ices . S CS I ID 7 is gener all y used f or the ada pter itself . In this situati on , yo u w ould u se a S CS I ID fr om 1 to 5 f or the ne w tape dr i ve .
Sun Systems, Solaris 8, 9, 10 28 Co n fi g u ri n g t h e D evic e Fil e s Determine the de vi ce file b y ty ping: % ls -l /dev/rmt/*m | grep "st@ X" wher e X is the S CS I ID . Identify the line for the tape dr i v e. F or e x ample, if the dri v e wa s at SC SI ID 2 , look f or the line con taining â st@2,0 â . Thi s mi ght be as f ollo ws (but on a single line) : lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 63 M ar 1 00:00 /dev/rmt/0m ../../devices/sbus@1f,0/esp dma@e,8400000/esp@e, 8800000/st@2,0:m Her e y ou co uld us e /dev/r mt/0m (sho wn under lined abo ve) as the de vi ce f ile. Onl y if necess ar y , mak e the f ollo w ing file modif i cations to enhance perf ormance: 1. In the f ile /kerne l/drv/s t.conf , after the se line s: ######## # Copyright (c) 1992, by Su n Microsystems, Inc. #ident "@( #)st.conf 1.6 93/05/03 SMI" add the follo w ing depending on w hic h ve rsio n of oper ating sy st em yo u ar e installing (ther e ar e 6 signif icant s paces betw een HP and Ultr ium in line 2) : fo r So lar is 8 w ithout s t patc h: tape-config-list = "HP Ultrium 3","HP Ul trium LTO 3","HP_LTO_GEN_3"; HP_LTO_GEN_3 = 1,0x36,0,0 xd639,4,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,3; name="st" class="scsi" target= X lun=0; wher e X is the S CS I tar get addres s of the dev ice yo u hav e attached. fo r So laris 9 and 1 0 (and 8 w ith st patc h): tape-config-list = "HP Ultrium 3","HP Ul trium LTO 3","HP_LTO_GEN_3"; HP_LTO_GEN_3 = 2,0x3B,0,0 x18659,4,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,3,60,1200, 600,1200,600,600,18000; name="st" class="scsi" target= X lun=0; wher e X is the S CS I tar get addres s of the dev ice yo u hav e attached. See âHP -Data V alues â on page 29 belo w for the values of the par ameters in these l ines.
HP-Data Values Sun S y stems, Solar is 8 , 9 , 10 29 2. If yo u ar e r eplac ing an e xisting t ape dev ice on the same S CS I ID , r emov e the conten ts of the /dev/ rmt dir ectory as f ollo ws: % cd /dev/rmt % rm * 3. Do a r econfi gur e boot: % cd / % touch /reconfigure % sync;halt 4. When the s ys tem is do w n, r e boot: % boot -r Ma ke sure you includ e t he -r s wit c h, so that the de vi ce dir ectory is re conf ig ure d usin g the ne w data . 5. Y ou should n ow be a ble to u se the dr i ve . âU s e /dev /rmt/Xc b i f yo u re q u i re a c o m pre s s io n rewi nd d e vic e fi l e, wh ere X is t he r elev ant dev ic e address . âU s e /dev/ rmt/Xcb n wh e n yo u re q u i re a c o mp re s s io n n o n - rewi n d d ev ic e. Once the de v ice f iles hav e been cr eated, y ou should conf ir m that y our ne w tape dr iv e is wo rk i n g p ro p e rly . Chapter 7 , âV er ifying the Inst allation â pro v ides ins tr u ctio ns on backing up and r est orin g a sample f ile to test y our installati o n . HP -Data V alue s The v alues fo r HP_LT O_GEN_n and name , whi c h pro vi de nor mal L T O mode , hav e the f ollo w ing meanings: The syntax for HP_L TO_GEN_ n on Sol a ris 9 is : <drive type> = <version>, < type>, <bsize>, <options>, <no. of densities>, <dens ity 0>, <density 1>, <density 2>,<density 3>, <default density>, <non-motion timeout>, <re ad/write timeout>, <rewind timeout>, <space timeout>, <load timeout>, <unload timeout>, <erase timeout> wher e: Pa r a m e t e r Va l u e Mea n ing <version> 1 or 2 Indicates the f ormat of the f ollo w ing parameter s. <type> 0x36 or 0x3B Th e value f or an Ultr ium dri v e in /usr/inclu de/sys /mtio.h . Fo r Solar is 8 , 0x3 6 indicates a type of MT_ISOTHER . Later vers ion s of Solar i s support the value 0x3B whic h indicates a type o f MT_LTO .
Sun Systems, Solaris 8, 9, 10 30 V alues fo r the par ameters f or name ar e as follo ws: <bsize> 0 Indicates v a r i able block si z e. <options> 0xd639 or 0x18659 This va lue is deriv ed fr om c onsta nts p ro vided in /usr/inc lude/sy s/ scsi/t argets /stdef. h . T he value dete rmines whi ch oper ations the dri ver can perform w ith the attached dev ice b y using a unique v alue for each featur e and then adding them together to for m the options value . Supported feature s will v ary with O S re v ision , and may include the follo wing: 0x001 D evic e s u p p or t s va ri a bl e l e n g th re c ord s. 0x008 Dev ice can backspace ov e r files (as in the â mt bsf â op ti on). 0x010 Dev ice supports b ac kspace re cord (as in â mt bsr â) . 0x020 Dev ice requir es a long time -out peri od f or er ase functi ons. 0x040 Dev ice will automatically deter mine the tape densit y . 0x0200 Dev ice kno w s w h en end of data has been reached . 0x0400 Dev ice dr iv er is unloadable. 0x1000 Ti me -out s fi ve ti mes lon ger t han nor mal . 0x4000 Dri ver buffer s wr ite r eques ts and pre- ackno wledges success to application . 0x8000 Varia b l e re c o rd si z e n ot l i m it e d t o 6 4 KB . 0x10000 Dev ice deter mines whi c h of the two mode pages the de vi ce supp or ts for sele ctin g or d ese lecti ng c ompression. So 0xd 639 indi cates va ri able r ecor d leng th, bsf and bsr enabled , long timeouts for er ase , EOD rec ognition, Unloadable de v ice dri ver , 5 x longer timeouts, buffer wr ites and pre -ackno wledge suces s , var iable r ecord s not limit ed to 64 KB, au to -density o ver -ride and MOD E SELECT comp re ss ion . <no. of densities> 4 T her e ar e fou r densities f ollo wing in the par amete r list . <density n> 0x00 Create s a dev ice file w i th compre ssion disabled . <density 3> 0x40, 0x42 or 0x44 The density cod e fo r data c ompr essio n enabled by default . <default density> 3 Den sity 3 ( 0x44 ) is the def a ult for Gene rati on 3 dri ves . <X timeout> All timeouts ar e in second s Pa r a m e t e r Va l u e Mean i ng target X X spec if ie s the S CSI ID (tar get) of the de v ic e. lun 0 Spec ifi es the L UN fo r the de v ice . Pa r a m e t e r Va l u e Mea n ing
Verifying the Installation of the Driv e (UNIX) V e rify ing the Installati on 31 7 V er if y i ng the Installati on V er if y ing the Inst allati on of the Dr i v e (UNIX) As par t of the installati on pr ocess, y ou w ill hav e installed the appr opr iate dev ice dr iv er for y our UNIX s ystem , and c r eated de v ice f iles to comm unicate w ith the tape dr iv e. Thi s sectio n desc ribes h ow y ou can v er i f y that the installati on has been perf or med corr ectly . In outline , the pr ocedur e is as fo llo ws: 1. Chec k the tape dr iv e r esponds t o a r e w ind command . 2. W rite te st data to a tape . 3. Read the tes t data f r om the tape . 4. Co mpar e the data r ead fr om the tape with t he or iginal dat a on disk. T o v er if y the installatio n: 1. T est the S CSI c onnectio n to the tape dr i ve b y doing a r ew ind oper atio n: a. If t here is a tape cartr idge alr ead y in the dri ve , remo ve it . b. Inse rt a tape cartri dge . c. Re wind the t ape using the command l ine: % mt - f <dev ice fil e> rew ind F or e xample , o n HP -UX: % mt - f /dev /rmt/0m nb rew ind If the command completes successfully , there will be no feedback. If it fails, you will see an error message on the console. The hardware installation may be faulty. Chec k the tr oubleshooting s ectio n of the Us erâs Guide f or help in i dentifying the pr oblem. 2. W rite a sam ple f ile to tape , using â tar â: % cd / % tar cvf <device file> <fi le> The opti ons to tar ha ve the f ollo w ing meanings: c Cr eate a ne w ar chi ve (back up f ile) on the de vi ce. v Oper ate in v erbo se mode .
Verifying the Ins tallation 32 The ar g uments follo w the cvf opti ons in the command line . T heir v alues depend o n the oper ating s ys tem; suggest ed value s ar e giv en the appropriate o perating system chapter .The ar guments ar e as f ollo w s: NO TE: M a ke s u re yo u p re fi x t h e fi l e n a m e wi t h â . â when y ou back it up to tape . If yo u do not , the r estor e operati on in step 3 w ill ov erwr ite the orig inal copy on disk. 3. Read the f ile bac k fr om tape: % cd /tmp % tar xvf <device file> The â x â option to tar he re m e a n s â ex t ra ct f rom t h e a rch iveâ . Use the s ame value f or the <devi ce file > ar gument as in st ep 2 . 4. Co mpar e the or iginal w ith this retr iev ed f ile: % cmp <original file> /tmp/ <retrieved file> This st ep c om par es the r etr i e ved f ile and the or iginal f ile b y te b y b yte . If the y ar e the same , there sho uld be no output , and this ver ifies that the installati on is corr ect. T he ar guments are as f ollo ws : Ex ample: Suppos e y ou ar e v er ifying the installatio n of an HP Ultr ium tape dr iv e on an HP- UX 11.X s y stem . The proc edur e wo uld be as f ollo ws.: 1. Change dir ectory to r oot: % cd / 2. Back up /stand/vmuni x to tap e: % tar cvf /dev/rmt/0m ./sta nd/vmunix Note the pre fi x of â . â to the filename . f Spec if y the dev ice file e xplic itl y . <device file> Th e n a m e of t h e d evic e fi l e fo r th e d rive. Example: /de v/rmt/ 0m <file> The name o f the f ile to ar chiv e, pr efi x ed w ith â ./ â. Example: ./s tand/v munix <ori ginal f ile> The name of the or iginal f ile , pr ef ix ed with â / â. Example: /s tand/v munix <retri eved fi le> The name of the f ile r etr ie v ed fr om the arc hiv e . Example: st and/vm unix
Verifying the Installation of the Driv e (UNIX) V e rify ing the Installati on 33 3. Change to the tempor ar y dir e c to ry: % cd /tmp 4. Extr act the f ile fr om the tape: % tar xvf /dev/rmt/0m 5. Compar e the or iginal w ith the r esto red v ersion: % cmp /stand/vmunix /tmp/ stand/vmunix Note that the or iginal f ilename is not pr efi xed w ith â . â.
Verifying the Ins tallation 34
Glossar y 35 G lossar y AT & T m o d e Berk ele y and A T& T fun ctio nal modes differ in â read-onl yâ clo se f unctionali ty . In A T& T mode , a de v ice c lose oper ation w ill cause the t ape to be r e positi oned j ust after ne xt file mark on the tape (the s tart of the ne xt f ile) . Ber kel e y m ode Berk ele y and A T& T func tional modes differ in â read-onl yâ clo se f unctionali t y . In Berk ele y mode the tape position w ill re main unc hanged by a dev ice clo se oper a tion . BO T Beginning Of T ape. T he fir st po int on the tape that can be access ed by the dr iv e . buffer ed mode A mode of data tr ansfer in w r ite oper ations that fac ilitates ta pe str eaming. It is selected b y setting the Buffer e d Mode F ield to 1 in the S CSI MODE SELEC T P ar ameter L ist header . compres sion A pr ocedure in w hich data i s transf ormed b y the remo val o f r edundant infor mation in or der to r educe the number o f bits requ ired t o r epr esent the data . This is basicall y done by r epr e senting str ings of b y tes w ith code w or ds. In Ultr ium dr ive s, t he data is com pr ess ed using the L T O-DC compr essio n f ormat whi c h is based on ALDC (licens ed fr om Stac/IBM) w ith t wo enhancements. One limits the inc r eas e in si z e of data that cannot be compr es sed that ALDC pr oduces . The other is the us e of embedded code w or ds. data transfer phase On a S CS I bus, de vi ces p ut in r e qu ests to be able to tr ansfer inf o rmatio n. Once a de vi ce is gr anted its r eques t, it and the tar get to w hic h it w ants to send inf or mation can tr ansf er the data using one of thr ee pr otocols (as suming both dev ices support them): as ync hr onous, s ync hr onous, and w ide . In asy n chr onous tr ansfers, the tar get contr ols the f lo w of data . T he initi ato r c an o nl y send data w hen the target ha s ac know ledg ed r eceipt o f the pr e v iou s pack et. All S CS I dev ices mu st support as y nchr onous tr ansfer . In s ync hr on ous data tr ans fer , the i nitiator and t arg et wo rk in sy nc hr oni z ation , allo w ing transmis sion of a pac k et of data to s tart befor e ackno w ledgment of the pr e viou s transmissi o n . In wid e (16 - bit) data tr ansfer , two b yte s ar e tr ansfer red at the same time instead of a single b yte . HP Ultr ium dr i ves su pport asy nchr onou s, s ync hro nous and nar r o w (8-bit) wi de transf er s.
Glossary 36 fibre channel F ibr e Channel pro vide s an ine xpensi v e ye t expenda ble means of qui ckl y tr ansfer ring data between w orkstati ons, mainf r ames, super compute rs, de sktop comput ers , stor age de v ices , displa y s and other per ipherals . Altho ugh it is called F ibr e Channel , its ar chitectu re r eprese nts neither a channel nor a r e al networ k topolog y . It allo ws f or an act iv e int elligent inte r connectio n scheme , called a fa bri c, to connec t de vi ces. All a F ibr e Channel po rt has to do is to manage a simple point-to -point co nnectio n between it self and the fa br ic . Se v era l common ULP s (Upper L e ve l Pr otocols) i ncl uding IP and S CS I can r un on F ibr e Channel , mer ging high- speed I/O and networ k func tionali t y in a single connecti vity techno log y . filemark A mark wr it ten b y the ho st to the tape th at can be sear ched f or , often u sing the dr iv eâs f ast-sear c h capabili ty . It does n ot necessar ily separ ate files . It is up t o the hos t to assi gn a meaning to the mar k. immediate mode A mode of r esponding to S CSI c ommands wher e the dri ve or other per ipheral does not wai t until the command has finished be fo re r eturning st atus inf or mation back to the hos t. F or w riting f ilemarks , Immediat e mode can si gnifi cantl y impr o v e the perfor mance of sy st ems that do not set the Immediate bit w hen sending a S CS I WRI TE FILEMARK S command. On the other hand , data is not f lushed to ta pe in r esponse t o a f ilemar k command . infinite flush B y def ault , the buffer in the dri ve is flushed e v ery 5 seconds. Inf inite f lu s h av oids fr e quent starting and sto pping o f the mechanism w hen using a very slo w appli cation . It also a v oi ds losing capac ity thro ugh the flu shing of partly wr itten gr o u ps . On the othe r hand , i nf inite f lush means that data can r emain in the buffer f or v ery long per i ods of time , and could be lost in the e v ent of a pow er failur e . LU N Lo g i c a l U n i t N u m b e r. A u n i q u e n u m b e r b y w h i c h a d e v ic e i s i d e n t i f i e d o n t h e S C S I bus. A tape dr i v e has a f ix ed L UN of 0. In an autol oader , the changer mechanism is L UN1. SAN Sto r age Ar ea Netw or k . A de dicated , high-speed netwo r k that es tablishes a dir ect connectio n between s tor age elements and server s. The har dwar e that connects w orkstati ons and ser ver s to stor age dev ices in a S AN is re ferr ed to as a fabr ic . The S A N fabr ic enables an y-server - to -any-sto rage de v ice co nnecti v ity thro ugh the use of F ibre Channel s w itc hing techno log y . SCSI Small Co mputer S ys tem Int erfaceâa standar d command spec if icati on and command s et that enables computer s and per ipher als to communi cate with eac h other . HPâs Ultr ium dr i v es adher e to the S CSI-3 s pecif ication and su pport all featur es re quir ed by that standar d .
Glossar y 37 Single -Ended and Lo w V oltage Differential S CSI The se terms de f ine ho w the signals ar e tr ansmitted along the cable . Wit h single -ended (SE) S CS I, each signal tr avel s o ver a single wir e and each signalâs v alue is deter mined by c ompar ing the signal to a pair ed gro und wi r e. Signal quality tends to decr eas e ov er longer cable lengths or at incr ea sed signal speed . Wit h lo w vo ltage differ ential (L VD) signaling , signals tr avel alo ng two w ires and the diff ere nce in v oltage betw een the w ir e pairs det ermine s the signal v alue . T his enables f aster dat a rat es and longer ca bling w ith less su sceptibility to noise than SE signaling and r educed pow er consumptio n . Narro w and Wide, F ast, Ultr a and Ultra2 SCS I Na rrow S CS I dev ices can tr ansfer data one b yte at-a - time (and ar e some times called â8-b it S CSI â dev ices). Th ey can conf or m to e ithe r the S C SI- 2 or S CSI-3 pr otoco ls. The y ha ve a 5 0 -pin connecti on to the S CS I bus . Wid e S C S I dev ices can transf er two b y te s of data simultaneousl y ( â16 -bit SCS Iâ). The y usually hav e a single, 6 8-pin co nnectio n to the S CSI bu s. (This ph ysi cal arr angement is part of the S CSI-3 spec ificati on.) T hey ma y support ei ther SCS I- 2 o r S CS I-3 pr otocols . W ide and nar ro w dev ices can simultaneou sly be co nnected to the same bus w ithout pr oblem , pr ov ided certain rules ar e follo wed. Fa s t S CS I can tr ansfer data at up to 10 MB/sec , using a cable of u p to 6 mete rs total length. Ultr a S CS I can tr ans fer data at u p to 20 MB/sec , but the ca ble length cannot e x ceed 3 meters (it is also k no w n as âF ast20â) . Ultr a2 S CS I can tr ansf er data at up t o 80 MB/sec, u s ing a ca ble of up t o 12 meter s. Ultr a16 0 SCS I can tr ansf er data at up to 160 MB/sec , u sing a cable of up to 12 meter s. Ultr a3 20 S CS I can tr ansfer data at up to 3 20 M B/sec, using a cable o f up to 12 meter s. Ultr a S CS I suppo rts both SE and L VD interfaces . Although Ultr a2 SCS I and abo ve can support SE de v ice s, this is no t r ecommended as the w hole bus is slo w ed to Ultr a speeds; instead , use L VD de vi ces onl y . HPâs Ultr ium dri ve s are Ultr a -3 20 compatible de vi ces. T he y should be u sed only on L VD host bu s adapters fo r max imum perf ormance .
Glossary 38 sequential access Sequential access de vi ces st ore data sequen tiall y in the or der in whi ch it is r ecei ved . T ape de vi ces ar e the most common sequential access de v ice s. Dev ice s such as disk dr i ves ar e dire ct acce ss de vi ces, w here dat a is sto red in bloc ks, not necessar ily seq uentiall y . Direct acces s allo ws f or speed of retr iev al , but is signif icantly mo re co stly .
Inde x Index 39 A AIX 21 ANSI 5 asynchronous data transfer 35 AT&T mode 35 B Berkeley mode 35 BOT 35 buffered mode 35 C compression 35 confirming installation 31 D data transfer 35 device files AIX 22 HP-U X 14 IBM (AIX) 21 Sun workstations 28 direct access 38 documents, related 5 F fast SCSI 37 fibre channel 36 filemarks 36 filenames under AIX 22 H HP A lpha 19 HP-U X sy st em s 13 determining SCSI-ID 13 device files 14 I IBM ( AI X) 21 determining SCSI ID 21 device files 21 immediate mode 36 infinite fl ush 36 ins ta lla tio n, v eri fy ing 31 L Linux 23 determining SCSI ID 23 LUN 36 LVD SCSI 37 M mode AT&T 35 Berkeley 35 immediate 36 N narrow SC SI 37 P PC-based UNIX - Linux 23 S SCSI 5 , 36 SCSI I D, dete r m ini n g HP-UX 13 IBM ( AI X) 21 Linux 23 Sun workstations 27 sequential access 38 single-ended SCSI 37 Sun workstations data values 29 determining SCSI ID 27 device files 28 synchronou s data transfer 35 systems HP-U X 13 Linux 23 U ultra SC SI 37 V verifying installation 31 W wide data transfer 35 wide SCSI 37 Inde x
Index 40
<Bold Header> Leg al and noti ce inform at ion © Copy right 2004âH ewlett- P ack ard Dev elopment Company , L.P . The infor mation contained i n this d ocument is subject to change without noti ce . Hewlet t-P ac k ard makes no warranty of any kind with reg ard to th is mat erial, inc lud ing, bu t not lim ited to, t he im plied wa rranti es of merch a n ta b ilit y an d fit ness for a pa r tic ul ar purp ose. Hewlett -Pack ard shall not be liable for err ors containe d herein or direct , indirec t, spec ia l, inci dental or consequential damages in connection w ith the fur nishing, performance, or u se of this document . This document contains proprietary information which is pr otected by copyr ig h t. All r ights reserved. No part of this document m ay be ph otocopied, repr oduce d or translate d to a nother lang uage without the prior wr itten c onsent of H ewlett-P a ck ard . Re v ision hist ory This docum ent is frequently re v ised a nd up dated. T o find out i f there is a la ter version, please ask your HP OEM Representative . Ve r s i o n Date Cha nge s E dit ion 6 Sept ember 200 4 Gener ati on 3 S CSI and FC dr iv e v ers io n Ed ition 6 .1 December 2004 Ref or mat ted and updated
Cont ent s Con ten ts 3 The pu rpose of this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Related docume nts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Documents specific to HP Ultrium drive s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Documentati on map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 General docu ments and standardiz ation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1I n t r o d u c t i o n The Pu rpose of this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Ultrium Dr ives in a L ibrary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Backup Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2H P - U X S y s t e m s HP Ser vers and Workstatio nsâHP-UX 11.x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Introductio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Determin ing the SCSI ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Creati ng the Devi ce Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 What Nex t? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3H P A l p h a U N I X HP Alpha UN IX 5.x. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 What Next ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4I B M ( A I X ) Determin ing the SCSI ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Configuring the Devi ce Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5 Lin ux Determin ing the SCSI ID (Lin ux) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Configuring on Linux System s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Using the S eek and Tell Features of mt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 What Nex t? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 6 Sun Systems, So laris 8, 9 , 10 Determin ing the SCSI ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Configuring the Devi ce Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 HP-Data Valu es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 Co n te n t s
4C o n t e n t s 7 Verifying th e Insta ll atio n Verifying the Installation of the Drive (UNIX). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 To ve rify the installati on: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Example: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
The purpose of this m anual 5 T he pur po se of this manual Thi s is one of si x volume s that doc ument HP Ultr ium dr i v es. T his volume pr ov ides back ground inf ormati on f or dr iv er and appli c ation de veloper s. T he follo wing pr oducts ar e co ve r ed . Capac ities are w hen the dr i v e is using data compr es sio n w ith a compr essi on r ati o o f 2:1, wher e applicable: ⢠HP Ultr ium Gener ation 3 F u ll-H eight S C SI In ternal Dr i ve ⢠HP Ultr ium Gener ation 3 F ull-Heig ht FC Inter nal Dr iv e NO TE: Th ro ughout this manual f requ ent r ef er ence is made to S CS I commands . F or mor e inf ormati on on S CSI commands fo r HP Ultri um dri ves s ee v olume 3, T he S C SI Int erface , of the HP Ultriu m T echnic al Re fer ence Manual set . Order i ng details are gi ven belo w . R elat e d doc umen ts The f ollo wing doc uments pro v ide additi onal informati o n: Doc uments spec i f ic t o HP Ultr i um dr i v es ⢠Hardw are Integr ation Guid e , v olume 1 of the HP Ultri um T echni cal R efer ence Manual ⢠Software In tegration Guide , v o lume 2 of the HP Ultr ium T ec hnical R ef er ence Man ual ⢠Th e SC S I I n te r f ac e , v olume 3 o f the HP Ultrium T ec hnical R efer ence Man ual ⢠Specifications , v olume 4 of the H P Ultr ium T echnical R ef e r ence Manual ⢠Backgr ound to Ultriu m Driv es , v olume 6 of the HP Ultrium T echnical Re fe r ence Manual P lease contac t y our HP suppli er for cop i es . ⢠The f eatur es and bene f its of HP Ultr ium dri ves are dis c ussed in the HP Ultriu m T echnolog y White P aper . ⢠F or a gener al back gro und to L T O techn olog y and li censing , go to http://www .lto - tec hnolog y .com . Doc umentatio n map The f ollo wing w ill help y ou locate i nfor mation i n the 6 -volume T ec hnical R efer ence Man ual:
6 Dr i v esâgeneral Installation and confi gur ation Operati on Car trid ges SCS I D rive s FC Dri v es Con n e ct or s 1 HW Integ ration: ch. 7 1 HW Inte gratio n: ch. 4 Co nt ro l l e r arch i t e c tu re 6 Background: ch . 4 Fro n t Pan e l L E D s 1 HW Integ ration: ch. 6 1 HW Inte gratio n: ch. 3 Mechanism and hard war e 6 Background: ch . 3 Specifications 4 Sp ec s SCS I D rive s FC Drives Con n e ct or s 1 HW In te grat ion: ch . 7 1 HW Int e grat ion : ch. 4 Deter min ing the conf igu r ati on 2 SW I n te g ra t io n : ch. 2 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 2 External dr i ves (S CSI only) 1 HW In te grat ion: ch . 5n / a In L ibrar ies 1 HW Int e grat ion : ch. 1 In Serv ers (S CS I onl y) 1 HW In te grat ion: ch . 4n / a In T ape Ar r ay s (S CS I onl y) 1 HW In te grat ion: ch . 3n / a Modes of Usage (S CSI onl y) 1 HW In te grat ion: ch . 8n / a Opti mi zing perf or mance (S CS I only) 1 HW In te grat ion: ch . 8n / a 2 SW I n t e g rat i o n : ch. 4 UNIX configurati on 5 UNIX C onf ig SCSI D rives FC Drives External dr i ves (S CSI only) 1 HW Int e grat ion : ch. 5n / a In L ibrar ies 1 HW Int e grat ion : ch. 1 In Serv ers (S CS I onl y) 1 HW Int e grat ion : ch. 4n / a In T ape Ar r ay s (S CS I onl y) 1 HW Int e grat ion : ch. 3n / a SCSI D rives FC Drives Ca rtr idg e Me mory (L T O- CM) 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 5 6 HW Integration: ch. 5 Car tridges 1 HW Int e grat ion : ch. 9 1 HW Int egr atio n: ch. 5
Related docume nts 7 Interf ace Maintenan ce and tr oubleshooting Dealing w ith err ors Fe a t u re s 6 HW Integration: ch. 5 Man agi ng t he u se of car t ridges 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 1 Use o f cartridges 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 3 SCSI D rives FC Drives SCSI Drives FC Dri v es SC S I G u i d e 3 SCSI Commands 3 SC SI : ch. 4 Err or codes 1 HW Inte grat ion : ch. 10 1 HW Inte gratio n: ch. 6 Implement ation 3 SC SI : ch. 1 Inte rpret ing sen se d ata 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 3 Messages 3 SC SI : ch. 2 Mode pages âsee the MO DE SENSE comm and 3 SC SI : ch. 4 Pre -ex ec ution check s 3 SC SI : ch. 3 Responding to Sense K e y s and A S C/ Q 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 6 Sense Key s an d AS C/Q âsee RE QUE S T SENSE c o mmand 3 SC SI : ch. 4 SCSI Drives FC Dri v es Cleani ng 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 5 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 7 External dr i ves (S CSI only) 1 HW Integ ration : ch. 5n / a In L ibrar ies 1 HW Int e gr at i o n: ch. 1 In Serv ers (S CS I onl y) 1 HW Integ ration : ch. 4n / a In T ape Ar r ay s (S CS I onl y) 1 HW Integ ration : ch. 3n / a Monitoring dri ve and tape condition 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 7 Softwar e t roubles hooting technique s 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 1 SCSI Drives FC Dri v es Err or C odes 1 HW Inte grat ion : ch. 10 1 HW Inte gratio n: ch. 6
8 Ultrium featur es Gener al doc uments and s tandar d i z ati on ⢠Small Computer S y stem Interfac e (S CSI-1 ) , ANSI X 3.131-1 9 86. T h is i s t he A NSI authoriz ed standar d f or S CS I implem entation , av ailable thr ough ANSI ⢠Enhanced Sm all Comput er S y stem Interface (S C SI- 2) , ANSI X3T9 .2 -199 3 Re v . 10L, av ailable thr ough ANSI Handl i ng er ror s 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 5 Ho w err or corr ection w ork s 6 Backg round : ch. 4 L ogsâsee the L OG SEN SE command 3 SC SI : ch. 4 Reco ve ring fr om w rite and r ead err ors 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 7 So f t wa re re sp o n s e t o er ro r c o rre ct i o n 2 SW I n t e g ra t i o n : ch. 3 So f t wa re re sp o n s e t o l og s 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 3 T apeAlert log 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 7 SCSI Drives FC Dri v es SCSI Drives FC Dri v es Adapti ve T ape Speed (A TS) 6 Ba ckground : ch. 1 Auto l oa d 1 HW In te gratio n: ch. 2 Aut omati on Contr ol Interface ( A CI) 1 HW Int e gr at i o n: ch. 2 6 Ba ckground : ch. 1 Ca rtr idg e Me mory (L T O- CM) 1 HW Int e gr at i o n: ch. 2 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 5 6 HW Int e gr ati o n : ch. 5 Dat a Compression, how it works 6 Ba ckground : ch. 5 Dat a Compression, manag in g 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 5 Design princ i ples 6 Ba ckground : ch. 1 OBDR an d CD-ROM emulation 6 Ba ckground : ch. 1 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 7 P erfor mance optimi z atio n 1 HW Integ r at i on: ch. 8n / a 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 1 P er formance , factor s a ffecting 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 4 Soft wa re des ig n 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 1 Supporting Ultri um featur es 2 SW I n t e g r a t i o n : ch. 5 Ultr ium F ormat 6 Ba ckground : ch. 2
Related docume nts 9 Copi es of General D ocuments c an be obtained fr om: ANSI 11 W est 4 2nd Str eet Ne w Y ork , NY 10 03 6 -8 00 2 USA IS O CP 5 6 CH-12 11 Genev a 20 Swi t zer l a n d EC MA 114 Rue du Rhône CH-120 4 Gene v a Swi t zer l a n d Te l : 4 1 2 2 84 9 600 0 We b U R L : http :// www .ecma .c h Glo bal En gine er ing Doc ume nts 28 05 M c G a w Ir vine , CA 9 2 714 USA Te l : 800 854 717 9 or 7 14 2 6 1 14 5 5
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The Purpose of this Manual Intr od ucti o n 11 1I n t r o d u c t i o n T he P u rp ose of t h i s M a nu a l Thi s manual pr ov ides basi c inf ormati on on co nfi gur ing the dri ves w ith var io us oper a ting sys t em s . P lease se e the top-le vel re lease note s that accompan y the dri ve fo r e xpected f unctio nality and feat ures. Ultr ium dri ves ar e supported on the follo wing platf o rms: ⢠HP UNIX sy stems (HP -UX) ( Chap ter 2 ) ⢠HP Al ph a U NI X ( Chapter 3 ) ⢠IB M ( AIX ) ( Chapt er 4 ) ⢠Li nu x ( Ch apte r 5 ) ⢠Su n System s, So l a ri s 8, 9 , 1 0 ( Chap ter 6 ) F or platf or ms not menti oned her e , please contac t HP because ther e may be ne w connecti vity details a vaila ble that arr i v ed after the r elease no tes w ere published . See Chapter 7 for de ta il s of how to verif y t he i nst al la t ion. Ultr ium Dr i v e s in a L ibr ar y Ultr ium dr i ves ma y also be used i n a libr ar y . Ho we ver , instr uctio ns about ins talling de v ice dr iv er s fo r auto matic r oboti cs ar e not included in this manual . Bac k up A ppli catio n s F or opti mum perfor mance it is i mportant to us e a bac ku p applicati on that suppo rts the dri v e âs featur es within y our sy stem âs configur ation. P lease see the âGetting Started Gui de â f or mor e inf ormation about u sage models . The f ollow ing appli c ations ar e suitable fo r use w ithin an enterpr ise env ir onment and hav e be en test ed w ith Ultr ium dr i ve s. T hey use the oper ating s yst em âs standar d , built-in de vi ce dri v ers, as
Introduction 12 desc ri bed in this manual . F or further inf ormation a bout optimi zing perfor mance and making full u se of the dr iv e âs f unctions , please con tact the so ftwar e manuf actur er or HP 1. Ce ll Manager is onl y av ailable o n HP -UX or W indow s 2 . R edhat Server only (not Calder a, Su se , and so o n) HP -UX AIX Sun, Solaris Lin ux HP Omn iback 1 yes yes yes yes Legato N etwork er yes yes yes yes V erita s N etB ac kup yes yes yes yes 2
HP Servers and WorkstationsâH P-UX 11.x HP -U X S ys tems 13 2H P - U X S y s t e m s HP Se rv er s an d W or ks tati onsâHP -UX 11. x NO TE: HP -UX 10.x is only supported b y Gener ation 1 Ul trium dr i v es. Intr oduct io n Bef or e y ou install y our tape dr i ve log on to the H P w eb site , www.h p.com , and dow nload the latest har d war e enablement patc h bundle for y our oper ating s ystem . Th is ensur es that y ou w ill hav e the corr ec t de v ice dr i v er f or yo ur tape dr i v e . Deter mining the S CS I I D Bef or e yo u conf i gur e y o ur s y stem to su pport y o ur ne w HP Ultr i um dr i v e , y ou ne ed to deter mine what SCSI ID to use. The SCSI I D must be u niqu e for e ach d ev i ce at tache d to th e SCS I bus. T o list the e xisting dev ices, u se the f ollo w ing command: % /sbin/ioscan -f The output o f this should look similar to the follo w ing ex ample: Class I H/W Path Driver S/W State H/W Type Description ================================================================================ = bc 0 root CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS bc 1 8 bc CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS Psudo Bus Converter ba 0 8/0 GSCtoPCI CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS GSCtoPCI Bridge ext_bus 1 8/0/2/0 c720 CLAIMED INTERFACE SCSI C895 Ultra2 Wide LVD target 0 8/0/2/0.7 tgt CLAIMED DEVICE ctl 1 8/0/2/0.7.0 sctl CLAIMED DEVICE Initiator lan 0 8/0/20/0 btlan3 CLAIMED INTERFACE PCI(10110019) -- Built-in #1 ba 1 8/16 bus_adapter CLAIMED BUS_NEXUS Core I/O Adapter tty 0 8/16/4 asio0 CLAIMED INTERFACE Built-in RS-232C ext_bus 2 8/16/5 c720 CLAIMED INTERFACE Built-in SCSI target 1 8/16/5.5 tgt CLAIMED DEVICE disk 0 8/16/5.5.0 sdisk CLAIMED DEVICE SEAGATE ST34573N target 2 8/16/5.7 tgt CLAIMED DEVICE ctl 2 8/16/5.7.0 sctl CLAIMED DEVICE Initiator processor 0 62 processor CLAIMED PROCESSOR Processor memory 0 63 memory CLAIMED MEMORY Memory After y ou hav e install ed the ne w tape dr iv e , y ou can c heck that it has been attac hed successfully . F rom a shell windo w ( hpter m/xterm ), e x ec ut e i oscan t o displa y the list o f attached de vi ces .
HP-UX S ystem s 14 F or an HP Ultrium dr i v e, e x ecute the follo wing: % /sbin/ioscan -f | grep "U ltrium" The ne w lines should look similar t o the follo wing , w her e the 4 in the I fi eld r epresen ts the instance o f the S CS I ta pe dri ver , not the S CSI ID: tape 4 2/0/1.5.0 stape CLAIMED DEVICE HP Ultrium 3-SCSI NO TE: If y ou are inst alli ng the dr i ve onto a Stor ag e Ar ea Netw o r k (S AN) , the fibr e channel/ S CS I br idge w ill also appear in the l ist of attached de v ice s. If y ou cannot f ind the Ultriu m dri ve, this may be because the kernel does not contain the correct driver. Use the S yst em Adminis trati on Manager ( sam ) t o add stape t o the k ernel: T o add stape to the k er nel u sing sam : 1. % sam 2. Select the f ollo w ing: Kernel Configuration Drivers 3. Highlight the stape dr iv er . If the dri ver has no t be en added to the k ernel , both Curr ent Stat e and P ending State w ill re ad âOutâ . 4. Selec t the fo llo w ing: Actions Add Driver to Kernel The P ending Stat e w ill no w r ead âIn â . 5. T o add the ne w dri ver to the k ernel , selec t: Actions Create a New Kernel 6. Th e stape dr iv er w ill now be added t o the k ernel and then the s y stem will r eboot . Cr eating the D e v i ce F iles Once yo u hav e v er ifi ed the tape dr i v e connectio n, y ou will need to cr eate the appro pri ate dev ice f iles f or the dr i ve . Normall y , y ou w ould hav e r ebooted y our s y stem after attac hing the tape dr i ve , and this pr ocess runs insf . Ho w ev er , if yo u ha ve no t r eboot ed yo ur s ystem since attaching the dr ive , yo u can cr eate dev ice files b y one of two w a ys , either thro ugh the S y stem Adminis tr ation Manager ( sam ) , or by e xecu ting the mksf command . T o add de vi ce f iles u sing sam : Thi s is the r ecommended and simples t w ay t o cr e ate dev ice f iles.
HP Servers and WorkstationsâH P-UX 11.x HP -U X S ys tems 15 1. % sam Thi s w ill bri ng up the gr aphical u ser int erface f or the u tility . 2. Select the f ollo w ing: Peripheral Devices Tape Drives sam w il l then scan the s ys tem f or an y tape dr i ves connec ted . When an HP Ultriu m Generati on 3 dr i v e is fo und, i t w ill be displa y ed as: Hardware Path Driver Description =========================== ================================ 8/0/2/0.3.0 stape HP Ultrium 3-SCSI 3. Highlight the Ultr ium dri v e and se lect the f ollo wi ng fr om the t ool bar: Actions Create Device Files Create Default Device Files Thi s w ill cr ea te defau lt de vi ce f iles f or the dr iv e. T o v ie w the de v ice f iles that hav e been crea t e d, s el e c t : Actions Create Device Files Show Device Files wher e: 4. When y ou hav e e x ited sam , run ioscan to see the t ape dri ve: %/sbin/ioscan -C tape -fn De vi ce F ile Desc ript ion <I> is the ins t anc e number o f the dri v e: <I>m <I>mn <I>mb <I>mn b A T& T encodi ng, r ew ind driv er A T& T encodi ng, non -re wind driv er Berk ele y enc oding , re win d dr i ver Berk ele y enc oding , re win d dr i ver <X> <Y> <Z> is the car d number , is the tar get number , is th e LUN number: cXtYbZBEST cXtYbZBESTb cXtYbZBESTn cXtYbZBESTnb Best compr ession dr iv er , A T& T encoding, w ith r e wind Best comp r ession dr iv er , Berk ele y encoding , with r ew ind Best compr ession dr iv er , A T& T encodi ng , non-re wi nd Best c ompr essi on dr iv er , Berk eley encodin g, n on-re wi nd
HP-UX S ystem s 16 T o cr eate de v ice f ile s u sing mksf : NO TE: Th is method is not r ecommended . 1. Run insf as f ollo ws: % /sbin/insf -C tape 2. Create the de vice f iles for the de v ice s using the mksf c o m mand a s f o llo w s: % /sbin/mksf -d stape -I <i nstance> [-n] [-u] /dev/rmt/X<name> wher e: See the man page ( man 1 m mksf ) f or other options o f the mksf command . The stape secti o n co vers the SCS I tape dr iv er options. T he man page man 7 mt descr ibes the long filenames us ed in HP -UX 10. x and later . Example: T o cr eate a dev ice file w ith the follo wing c har acter isti cs: Argument Descr iption -d st ape Specifies the SC SI tap e d riv er -I <insta nce> Spec ifies the tape dri ve âs hard war e addres s vi a the i nstance of the S CS I tape dri v er . The fir st instance is 0, the second 1, and so on . [-n] Spec ifies no re wi nd; absence of this parameter indicates r e w ind mo de [-u] S pecif ies Berk eley mode; absence of this parameter indi cate s A T &T mode . Berk ele y and A T& T modes differ in their r ead-only clo se behavi or: ⢠In Berk ele y mode , the tape position w ill r emain unchanged b y a dev ice close o perat ion. ⢠In A T &T mode , a dev ice close oper ation wi ll cause the tape to be r epositioned j ust after the ne x t tape f ilemark (the st art of the ne xt file). In most case s, Ber k eley mode should be used . /dev/rmt/X<name> Sp ecifies th e pa th of t he d evi ce file, where: X Spec ifie s the tape de vi ce iden tifi er . Use the ne xt av aila ble ide ntifi er . Y ou can ex a mine the c ontents of /dev/rmt using t he ls command to determine w h ich i dentifie rs hav e alread y been use d. <name> Spec ifi es the sh ort name (in HP -UX 9 .x-sty le) of the de v ice f ile: mnb No r ew ind, compr essi on disabled, Berk eley-mode de vi ce hnb No r ew ind, compr essi on disabled, Berk eley-mode de vi ce mnb No r ew ind, compr essi on disabled, Berk eley-mode de vi ce hnb No rewi n d, c o mp re s s io n en ab l e d, B e rke l ey - m o d e d evic e
What Next? HP -U X S ys tems 17 ⢠A har dw ar e addr ess spec ified b y instance 5 ( -I 5 ) ⢠No r ew ind ( -n ) ⢠Berk ele y mode tape po siti oning on clo se ( -u ) ⢠A filename o f 4mnb , w here 4 is the tape de vi c e identifi er ( /dev/rm t/4mnb ) Y ou w ould e x ecut e the follo wing: % /sbin/mksf -d stape -I 4 -n -u /dev/rmt/4mnb Y ou can c heck that t he appr opr iate de v ice f i le was c r eated using the l ssf command as f ollo ws: % /sbin/lssf /dev/rmt/4mnb Thi s should pr oduce the follo wing ou tput to sho w that the dev ice f ile no w ex ists: stape card instance 0 SCSI target 6 SCSI LUN 0 berkeley no rewind BEST density at address 2/0 /1.6.0 /dev/rmt/4mnb T o create a dev ice file for Ul trium i n unc ompressed mo de, y ou s hould use a co mm and s uch as: mksf -H -a -b U_18 and f or compr essed mode (de fault): mksf -H -a -b U_18C The har dw ar e path can be f ound f r om pr e v ious ioscan ou tpu t . W hat Ne xt? Once the de v ice f iles hav e been cr eated, y ou should conf ir m that y our ne w tape dr iv e is wo rk i n g p ro p e rly . Chapter 7 , âV er ifying the Inst allation â pro v ides ins tr u ctio ns on backing up and r est orin g a sample f ile to test y our installati o n .
HP-UX S ystem s 18
HP Al pha UNIX 5.x HP Alpha UNI X 19 3 HP Alpha UNI X HP A lpha UNI X 5 . x x x x 1. A dd the foll o wing entry to your /dev/d dr.dba se file : SCSIDEVICE Type = tape Name = âHPâ âUltriumâ # PARAMETERS: TypeSubClass = lto # Linear Tape Open BlockSize = 262 144 TagQueueDepth = 0 MaxTransferSize = 0xf fffff # 16Mb - 1 ReadyTimeSeconds = 120 # Seconds SyncTransfers = ena bled WideTransfers = ena bled InquiryLength = 0x2 0 DENSITY: DensityNumber = 0,1 ,2,3,4,5,6,7 OneFileMarkOnClose = yes DensityCode = 0x44 Blocking = 0 CompressionCode = 1 Buffered = 1 Speed = 0 MODESELECT: ModeSelectNumber = 0 SavePage = No PageFormat = scs i2 BlockDescriptor = yes TransferLength = 16 Hdr.Tape.BufferMode = 0x 1 Hdr.MediumType = 0
HP Alp ha UNIX 20 Data.UBYTE[0] = 0x3 D # Vendor Unique Page Code 3D Data.UBYTE[1] = 0x0 2 Data.UBYTE[2] = 0x0 1 Data.UBYTE[3] = 0x0 0 2. Rebuild the k ernel b y running /sbin/dd r_confi g , then r eboot the s ys tem w ith the tape dr iv e attac hed. T he dev ice f iles f or the Ultr ium dr ive w ill be generat ed in /dev /tape a nd / dev/nt ape when you reb o ot. 3. The names of the d e v ice files can be interpr eted as follo ws : De v i ces i n the /dev/ ntape dir ectory ar e â no -r ew indâ dev i ces. T hose in /dev/ tape w ill do a rew in d on clos e. The de v ice f iles then hav e the s ynt ax: tapeX _dn F or e xample , /d ev/nta pe/tape 66_d1 i s a de vi ce f ile for dev ice 6 6, no -re w ind using density number 1. Since all density number s ha ve the s ame par ameters it doe s not matter whi c h density number f ile is used . Wha t N e x t? Once the dev ice file s have been cr eated , yo u should conf irm that y our ne w tape dr i ve is w or king pr oper ly . Chapt er 7 , âV er ifying th e Installatio nâ pr ov ides instr uctions on backing up and res tor i ng a sample file to test your inst allation .
Determining the SCSI ID IBM ( AIX) 21 4I B M ( A I X ) Det er mining t he S CS I ID Bef or e you conf ig ure y our s ys tem t o suppo rt yo ur Ult rium dr iv e , y ou need t o det ermine w hic h S CSI I D to use . I Ds must be unique for ea ch devi ce at tached t o the SCS I bus. T o list th e existing dev ices, use th e follow ing c omma nd: % lsdev -C |grep SCSI Thi s w ill pr oduce output that looks similar t o: scsi0 Available 00-00-0S St andard SCSI I/O Controller hdisk0 Available 10-60-00-0 ,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive rmt1 Defined 00-00-0S-2,0 O ther SCSI Tape Drive The S CSI ID is in the ser ie s 00-00- 0S- X,0 , wher e X is the S C SI ID . Re v ie w the list of e x isting S CS I IDs and cho ose an a vailable ID to assi gn to the ne w tape dr ive . Co n fi g u ri n g t h e D evic e Fil e s T o install an HP Ultr ium dr i ve o n an IBM w or kstation y ou w ill need to c reate the a ppr opri ate d e vic e fi l e s fo r t h e d rive. NO TE: Do not cho ose th e smit option of â 4mm2gb â as the T ape Dev ice T y pe . T his is reserv ed for Connor dr iv es. If y ou use it with HP dr iv es, y ou will get the err or â Devic e to be config ured d oes not match the p hysical devic e at th e spec ified c onnect ion locati on â. T o change to var iable block mode , use the follo wing pr ocedur e: 1. If you ar e using a graphi cs terminal running X- Windo w s, then at a W indo ws termi nal , t ype: smit t ape If you ar e usin g a non -graphi cs terminal , at the command line type: % smit -C ta pe 2. If no de v ice has been co nf igur ed at this addr ess be fo re , selec t â a dd a tape drive â to s et up the addr ess . F r om the po p-up wi ndow , select â ost â or â Other SCSI ta pe drive â as the tape dr ive y ou w i sh to change and c hoos e connect ion addr es ses as a ppro pr iate .
IBM (AIX) 22 3. Select f rom the w indow : â change/s how ch aracter istics of a t ape dr ive â 4. F rom the pop-u p w indow , s elec t â ost â or â Other SCSI tape drive â as the tape dr i ve y ou w ish t o chang e . Do no t ch o o se â 4mm2gb â. 5. Change the block si z e field to 0, and cli ck on the â DO â button or pr e ss [Enter] to apply the cha n g e. H P U l t riu m d r ives wi l l wo rk wi t h tar , cp io , backup , restore and dd . F or s y stems other than the 4 3 P , the dri v e is also boot-capable , pr o vided a boot tape is generated u sin g mkszfil e and mksysb . Once the de v ice f iles hav e been cr eated, y ou should conf ir m that y our ne w tape dr iv e is wo rk i n g p ro p e rly . Chapter 7 , âV er ifying the Inst allation â pro v ides ins tr u ctio ns on backing up and r estor ing a sam ple file to test your installatio n. Dev ice Filenames under AI X Use de vi ce filename s as listed bel ow f or the combinati on of Re w ind on Close , Ret ension on Open , and Co mpr essi on that y ou want: The n in the f ilename is the instance number as signed to the dr i ve b y the operating sy stem , wher e 0 is the fir st dev ice , 1 is the second and s o on. Fil en a m e Re wind on Close Retens i on on Op en Compression /dev/rmtn Y es No enable d /dev/rmtn.1 No No enable d /dev/rmtn.2 Y es Y es enabled /dev/rmtn.3 No Y es enable d /dev/rmtn.4 Y es No disabl ed /dev/rmtn.5 No No di sabled /dev/rmtn.6 Y es Y es disabled /dev/rmtn.7 No Y es disabl ed Rew ind on Close Nor mally , the dr iv e repo sitions the ta pe to BO T (Beginning of T ape) when the de vi ce file is c losed . Using the no r e w ind option is us ef ul when c r eating and r eading tapes that c ontain mu ltiple file s. Rete ns ion o n Open R ete nsioning co nsis ts of w inding to E O T (End of T ape) a nd then re winding to BO T , in orde r to reduce errors. If thi s o p tion is sel e cted, th e tap e i s positi oned at BO T as part of the open pr oces s. Compression Com pr ession can be disabled or enabled.
Determining the SCS I ID (Linux) Li nux 23 5L i n u x Det er mining t he S C S I ID (L inu x) Lo ok at the outpu t of d mesg to f ind out w hat S CSI c hannel number is us ed f or each con nection . T o find o ut the S CS I IDs in use o n each c hannel , type: cat /proc/scsi/scsi Thi s w ill pr oduce ou tput similar to the f ollow ing for each de v ice: Attached Devices Host: SCSI0 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun:00 Vendor: HP Model ---------- -- Type: Direct-Access ANSI SC SI Revision 02 Lo ok at the ID inf ormati on to e stablish w hich IDs ar e in use . C onf i gur ing on L inu x S y stems No change s are needed to suppo rt Ultrium on L inu x platf or ms, ho w e ver y o u should ensur e that y ou hav e the rel ev ant dr ive rs loaded . T o see the de v ice dr i ver s loaded c urr ently , e xec ute an lsmod command , this will gi v e output lik e: Module Size Used b y sgm 4376 1 ide-scsi 7200 0 lockd 30792 1 sunrpc 53316 1 st 24656 0 sym53c8xx 52096 1 aic7xxx 136184 2 The lines o f inter est her e ar e: st T his is the tape dri v er . Its pres ence in the output of the lsmod command sho ws that the ta pe dri ver is loaded .
Linux 24 Late st S CS I contr oller dri v ers f or L inu x wi ll be a vailable f r om the manuf actur erâs w eb site . In or der t o communi cate w ith a tape dev ice , the oper ating s y stem needs to ha v e dr i v ers for the tape and the under ly ing transpo rt mechanism (the ho st bus adapt or) loaded. Ensure that both ar e av ailable as e ither loadable modules (for e xample , usable w ith insmod and v isible w ith lsmod ) or ar e stati cally built into y our k ernel . NO TE: In or der to add dr i ver s to the stati call y built k er nel y ou need the L in ux s our ce code av ailable on di sk and kn o wledge of h o w to use the k ernel building too ls that ship w ith v ar i ous L inu x distr ibutions . This sho uld not be attempted by n o vi ce us ers . In order to deter mine if the dri v e has been detected b y the tape dri v er at module load time , exe cu te : dmesg | grep "st" Thi s should f ind a number of lines. On e should loo k lik e : Detected SCSI tape st0 at s csi1, channel 0, id 5, lun 0 T o load the tape dri v er module if it is not loaded as abo v e , e x ecut e: insmod st to load it. T his should happen natur all y if y our s y s tem is reboo t ed after attaching the dr i ve . When the ST dri ver module ha s been added, a list of tape de v ice f iles will be c r eated automati cally . The y r eside in the /dev/ dir ect ory and hav e the sy ntax : /dev/stp or dev/nstp wher e: In or der to enable lar ge transf ers under L inux (>64 KB per w r ite), edit the file /usr/s rc/lin ux/driv ers/sc si/st_ options .h and change the definiti on of ST_BUF FER_BL OCKS . sym53c8xx T his is a S CSI chi pset dr iv er for the LS I L ogic f amily of HB As (amongst o thers ) . aic7xxx T his is a S CS I c hipset dr iv er f or the Adapt ec 7 xx x chi p set fa mi l y ( s uch a s Adaptec 2 9160LP) . p is the ins tanc e nu mbe r o f the de v ice fi le . (If on l y o ne dr i ve is co nnec ted to th e s yst em , t his w ill be 0.) n indi cates that this i s a no-re w ind dr iv er .
What Next? Li nux 25 If y ou w ant r equests to space to end o f data to be f ast er , you sho uld also e nable ST_FAS T_MTEO M in the same f ile . After c hanging this file , r ebuild the modules and inst all the ne w binary . At the v er y lea st , this r equir es: make modules make modules_install fr om th e /usr/src/linu x dir ectory . See yo ur k ernel doc umentati on. Using th e Seek an d T ell F e atu r es of mt In or der t o us e the seek and tell featur es of mt , y ou mu st tel l the st dr i ver that HP Ultrium dr i ve s use logical bloc k addres sing . Y ou can do this b y using the command: mt -f <device file> stset options scsi2logical whe re /dev/ stp is the de vi ce file . Note ho w ev er that this infor mation is not pr es erved acr oss reboots , so y ou need to ex ecu te this command eac h time the s ys tem comes u p . T he stinit util i ty of fers a convenient wa y of handling this; see the r elev ant man page f or mor e infor matio n. If y o u us e this appr oach, set the manufac turer par ameter to HP and the model t o â Ultri um 3-SCSI â. W hat Ne xt? Once the de v ice f iles hav e been cr eated, y ou should conf ir m that y our ne w tape dr iv e is wo rk i n g p ro p e rly . Chapter 7 , âV er ifying the Inst allation â pro v ides ins tr u ctio ns on backing up and r est orin g a sample f ile to test y our installati o n .
Linux 26
Determining the SCSI ID Sun S y stems, Solar is 8 , 9 , 10 27 6S u n S y s t e m s , S o l a r i s 8 , 9 , 1 0 Det er mining t he S CS I ID Bef or e yo u con f i gur e y our s yste m t o support an HP U ltr ium dr i ve , y ou need to determ ine w hic h S CS I ID t o use . IDs must be uniq ue f or eac h de v ice o n attache d to the S CSI bus. 1. Us e the modi nfo command to iden tify S CS I con tr oller dr i vers inst alled on the s y stem: % modinfo | grep "HBA Drive r" Thi s w ill pr oduce output similar to the f ollo w ing : 106 780a0000 102b3 50 1 glm (GLM SCSI HBA Driver) 110 780b4000 1272c 228 1 qus (isp10160 HBA Driver) F or the ada pter to w hic h the ne w tape dr iv e is attached , y ou w ill need to determine w hat S CSI IDs are alr eady used . 2. Determine the S CS I IDs of the e xisting dev ice s attached to the S CSI con tro ller: F or all adapters: % dmesg | egrep ".*xxx.*tar get" | sort | uniq wher e xxx = the ty pe of ada pter ( esp , glm , fas , qus or isp ) , as appr opr iate . F or e xample , f o r an E SP -based adapte r: % dmesg | egrep ".*esp.*tar get" | sort | uniq Thi s pr oduce s a list similar to: sd0 at esp0: target 0 lun 0 sd6 at esp0: target 6 lun 0 Thi s indicate s that S CS I IDs 0 and 6 ar e us ed for ex isting dev ices . S CS I ID 7 is gener all y used f or the ada pter itself . In this situati on , yo u w ould u se a S CS I ID fr om 1 to 5 f or the ne w tape dr i ve .
Sun Systems, Solaris 8, 9, 10 28 Co n fi g u ri n g t h e D evic e Fil e s Determine the de vi ce file b y ty ping: % ls -l /dev/rmt/*m | grep "st@ X" wher e X is the S CS I ID . Identify the line for the tape dr i v e. F or e x ample, if the dri v e wa s at SC SI ID 2 , look f or the line con taining â st@2,0 â . Thi s mi ght be as f ollo ws (but on a single line) : lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 63 M ar 1 00:00 /dev/rmt/0m ../../devices/sbus@1f,0/esp dma@e,8400000/esp@e, 8800000/st@2,0:m Her e y ou co uld us e /dev/r mt/0m (sho wn under lined abo ve) as the de vi ce f ile. Onl y if necess ar y , mak e the f ollo w ing file modif i cations to enhance perf ormance: 1. In the f ile /kerne l/drv/s t.conf , after the se line s: ######## # Copyright (c) 1992, by Su n Microsystems, Inc. #ident "@( #)st.conf 1.6 93/05/03 SMI" add the follo w ing depending on w hic h ve rsio n of oper ating sy st em yo u ar e installing (ther e ar e 6 signif icant s paces betw een HP and Ultr ium in line 2) : fo r So lar is 8 w ithout s t patc h: tape-config-list = "HP Ultrium 3","HP Ul trium LTO 3","HP_LTO_GEN_3"; HP_LTO_GEN_3 = 1,0x36,0,0 xd639,4,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,3; name="st" class="scsi" target= X lun=0; wher e X is the S CS I tar get addres s of the dev ice yo u hav e attached. fo r So laris 9 and 1 0 (and 8 w ith st patc h): tape-config-list = "HP Ultrium 3","HP Ul trium LTO 3","HP_LTO_GEN_3"; HP_LTO_GEN_3 = 2,0x3B,0,0 x18659,4,0x44,0x44,0x44,0x44,3,60,1200, 600,1200,600,600,18000; name="st" class="scsi" target= X lun=0; wher e X is the S CS I tar get addres s of the dev ice yo u hav e attached. See âHP -Data V alues â on page 29 belo w for the values of the par ameters in these l ines.
HP-Data Values Sun S y stems, Solar is 8 , 9 , 10 29 2. If yo u ar e r eplac ing an e xisting t ape dev ice on the same S CS I ID , r emov e the conten ts of the /dev/ rmt dir ectory as f ollo ws: % cd /dev/rmt % rm * 3. Do a r econfi gur e boot: % cd / % touch /reconfigure % sync;halt 4. When the s ys tem is do w n, r e boot: % boot -r Ma ke sure you includ e t he -r s wit c h, so that the de vi ce dir ectory is re conf ig ure d usin g the ne w data . 5. Y ou should n ow be a ble to u se the dr i ve . âU s e /dev /rmt/Xc b i f yo u re q u i re a c o m pre s s io n rewi nd d e vic e fi l e, wh ere X is t he r elev ant dev ic e address . âU s e /dev/ rmt/Xcb n wh e n yo u re q u i re a c o mp re s s io n n o n - rewi n d d ev ic e. Once the de v ice f iles hav e been cr eated, y ou should conf ir m that y our ne w tape dr iv e is wo rk i n g p ro p e rly . Chapter 7 , âV er ifying the Inst allation â pro v ides ins tr u ctio ns on backing up and r est orin g a sample f ile to test y our installati o n . HP -Data V alue s The v alues fo r HP_LT O_GEN_n and name , whi c h pro vi de nor mal L T O mode , hav e the f ollo w ing meanings: The syntax for HP_L TO_GEN_ n on Sol a ris 9 is : <drive type> = <version>, < type>, <bsize>, <options>, <no. of densities>, <dens ity 0>, <density 1>, <density 2>,<density 3>, <default density>, <non-motion timeout>, <re ad/write timeout>, <rewind timeout>, <space timeout>, <load timeout>, <unload timeout>, <erase timeout> wher e: Pa r a m e t e r Va l u e Mea n ing <version> 1 or 2 Indicates the f ormat of the f ollo w ing parameter s. <type> 0x36 or 0x3B Th e value f or an Ultr ium dri v e in /usr/inclu de/sys /mtio.h . Fo r Solar is 8 , 0x3 6 indicates a type of MT_ISOTHER . Later vers ion s of Solar i s support the value 0x3B whic h indicates a type o f MT_LTO .
Sun Systems, Solaris 8, 9, 10 30 V alues fo r the par ameters f or name ar e as follo ws: <bsize> 0 Indicates v a r i able block si z e. <options> 0xd639 or 0x18659 This va lue is deriv ed fr om c onsta nts p ro vided in /usr/inc lude/sy s/ scsi/t argets /stdef. h . T he value dete rmines whi ch oper ations the dri ver can perform w ith the attached dev ice b y using a unique v alue for each featur e and then adding them together to for m the options value . Supported feature s will v ary with O S re v ision , and may include the follo wing: 0x001 D evic e s u p p or t s va ri a bl e l e n g th re c ord s. 0x008 Dev ice can backspace ov e r files (as in the â mt bsf â op ti on). 0x010 Dev ice supports b ac kspace re cord (as in â mt bsr â) . 0x020 Dev ice requir es a long time -out peri od f or er ase functi ons. 0x040 Dev ice will automatically deter mine the tape densit y . 0x0200 Dev ice kno w s w h en end of data has been reached . 0x0400 Dev ice dr iv er is unloadable. 0x1000 Ti me -out s fi ve ti mes lon ger t han nor mal . 0x4000 Dri ver buffer s wr ite r eques ts and pre- ackno wledges success to application . 0x8000 Varia b l e re c o rd si z e n ot l i m it e d t o 6 4 KB . 0x10000 Dev ice deter mines whi c h of the two mode pages the de vi ce supp or ts for sele ctin g or d ese lecti ng c ompression. So 0xd 639 indi cates va ri able r ecor d leng th, bsf and bsr enabled , long timeouts for er ase , EOD rec ognition, Unloadable de v ice dri ver , 5 x longer timeouts, buffer wr ites and pre -ackno wledge suces s , var iable r ecord s not limit ed to 64 KB, au to -density o ver -ride and MOD E SELECT comp re ss ion . <no. of densities> 4 T her e ar e fou r densities f ollo wing in the par amete r list . <density n> 0x00 Create s a dev ice file w i th compre ssion disabled . <density 3> 0x40, 0x42 or 0x44 The density cod e fo r data c ompr essio n enabled by default . <default density> 3 Den sity 3 ( 0x44 ) is the def a ult for Gene rati on 3 dri ves . <X timeout> All timeouts ar e in second s Pa r a m e t e r Va l u e Mean i ng target X X spec if ie s the S CSI ID (tar get) of the de v ic e. lun 0 Spec ifi es the L UN fo r the de v ice . Pa r a m e t e r Va l u e Mea n ing
Verifying the Installation of the Driv e (UNIX) V e rify ing the Installati on 31 7 V er if y i ng the Installati on V er if y ing the Inst allati on of the Dr i v e (UNIX) As par t of the installati on pr ocess, y ou w ill hav e installed the appr opr iate dev ice dr iv er for y our UNIX s ystem , and c r eated de v ice f iles to comm unicate w ith the tape dr iv e. Thi s sectio n desc ribes h ow y ou can v er i f y that the installati on has been perf or med corr ectly . In outline , the pr ocedur e is as fo llo ws: 1. Chec k the tape dr iv e r esponds t o a r e w ind command . 2. W rite te st data to a tape . 3. Read the tes t data f r om the tape . 4. Co mpar e the data r ead fr om the tape with t he or iginal dat a on disk. T o v er if y the installatio n: 1. T est the S CSI c onnectio n to the tape dr i ve b y doing a r ew ind oper atio n: a. If t here is a tape cartr idge alr ead y in the dri ve , remo ve it . b. Inse rt a tape cartri dge . c. Re wind the t ape using the command l ine: % mt - f <dev ice fil e> rew ind F or e xample , o n HP -UX: % mt - f /dev /rmt/0m nb rew ind If the command completes successfully , there will be no feedback. If it fails, you will see an error message on the console. The hardware installation may be faulty. Chec k the tr oubleshooting s ectio n of the Us erâs Guide f or help in i dentifying the pr oblem. 2. W rite a sam ple f ile to tape , using â tar â: % cd / % tar cvf <device file> <fi le> The opti ons to tar ha ve the f ollo w ing meanings: c Cr eate a ne w ar chi ve (back up f ile) on the de vi ce. v Oper ate in v erbo se mode .
Verifying the Ins tallation 32 The ar g uments follo w the cvf opti ons in the command line . T heir v alues depend o n the oper ating s ys tem; suggest ed value s ar e giv en the appropriate o perating system chapter .The ar guments ar e as f ollo w s: NO TE: M a ke s u re yo u p re fi x t h e fi l e n a m e wi t h â . â when y ou back it up to tape . If yo u do not , the r estor e operati on in step 3 w ill ov erwr ite the orig inal copy on disk. 3. Read the f ile bac k fr om tape: % cd /tmp % tar xvf <device file> The â x â option to tar he re m e a n s â ex t ra ct f rom t h e a rch iveâ . Use the s ame value f or the <devi ce file > ar gument as in st ep 2 . 4. Co mpar e the or iginal w ith this retr iev ed f ile: % cmp <original file> /tmp/ <retrieved file> This st ep c om par es the r etr i e ved f ile and the or iginal f ile b y te b y b yte . If the y ar e the same , there sho uld be no output , and this ver ifies that the installati on is corr ect. T he ar guments are as f ollo ws : Ex ample: Suppos e y ou ar e v er ifying the installatio n of an HP Ultr ium tape dr iv e on an HP- UX 11.X s y stem . The proc edur e wo uld be as f ollo ws.: 1. Change dir ectory to r oot: % cd / 2. Back up /stand/vmuni x to tap e: % tar cvf /dev/rmt/0m ./sta nd/vmunix Note the pre fi x of â . â to the filename . f Spec if y the dev ice file e xplic itl y . <device file> Th e n a m e of t h e d evic e fi l e fo r th e d rive. Example: /de v/rmt/ 0m <file> The name o f the f ile to ar chiv e, pr efi x ed w ith â ./ â. Example: ./s tand/v munix <ori ginal f ile> The name of the or iginal f ile , pr ef ix ed with â / â. Example: /s tand/v munix <retri eved fi le> The name of the f ile r etr ie v ed fr om the arc hiv e . Example: st and/vm unix
Verifying the Installation of the Driv e (UNIX) V e rify ing the Installati on 33 3. Change to the tempor ar y dir e c to ry: % cd /tmp 4. Extr act the f ile fr om the tape: % tar xvf /dev/rmt/0m 5. Compar e the or iginal w ith the r esto red v ersion: % cmp /stand/vmunix /tmp/ stand/vmunix Note that the or iginal f ilename is not pr efi xed w ith â . â.
Verifying the Ins tallation 34
Glossar y 35 G lossar y AT & T m o d e Berk ele y and A T& T fun ctio nal modes differ in â read-onl yâ clo se f unctionali ty . In A T& T mode , a de v ice c lose oper ation w ill cause the t ape to be r e positi oned j ust after ne xt file mark on the tape (the s tart of the ne xt f ile) . Ber kel e y m ode Berk ele y and A T& T func tional modes differ in â read-onl yâ clo se f unctionali t y . In Berk ele y mode the tape position w ill re main unc hanged by a dev ice clo se oper a tion . BO T Beginning Of T ape. T he fir st po int on the tape that can be access ed by the dr iv e . buffer ed mode A mode of data tr ansfer in w r ite oper ations that fac ilitates ta pe str eaming. It is selected b y setting the Buffer e d Mode F ield to 1 in the S CSI MODE SELEC T P ar ameter L ist header . compres sion A pr ocedure in w hich data i s transf ormed b y the remo val o f r edundant infor mation in or der to r educe the number o f bits requ ired t o r epr esent the data . This is basicall y done by r epr e senting str ings of b y tes w ith code w or ds. In Ultr ium dr ive s, t he data is com pr ess ed using the L T O-DC compr essio n f ormat whi c h is based on ALDC (licens ed fr om Stac/IBM) w ith t wo enhancements. One limits the inc r eas e in si z e of data that cannot be compr es sed that ALDC pr oduces . The other is the us e of embedded code w or ds. data transfer phase On a S CS I bus, de vi ces p ut in r e qu ests to be able to tr ansfer inf o rmatio n. Once a de vi ce is gr anted its r eques t, it and the tar get to w hic h it w ants to send inf or mation can tr ansf er the data using one of thr ee pr otocols (as suming both dev ices support them): as ync hr onous, s ync hr onous, and w ide . In asy n chr onous tr ansfers, the tar get contr ols the f lo w of data . T he initi ato r c an o nl y send data w hen the target ha s ac know ledg ed r eceipt o f the pr e v iou s pack et. All S CS I dev ices mu st support as y nchr onous tr ansfer . In s ync hr on ous data tr ans fer , the i nitiator and t arg et wo rk in sy nc hr oni z ation , allo w ing transmis sion of a pac k et of data to s tart befor e ackno w ledgment of the pr e viou s transmissi o n . In wid e (16 - bit) data tr ansfer , two b yte s ar e tr ansfer red at the same time instead of a single b yte . HP Ultr ium dr i ves su pport asy nchr onou s, s ync hro nous and nar r o w (8-bit) wi de transf er s.
Glossary 36 fibre channel F ibr e Channel pro vide s an ine xpensi v e ye t expenda ble means of qui ckl y tr ansfer ring data between w orkstati ons, mainf r ames, super compute rs, de sktop comput ers , stor age de v ices , displa y s and other per ipherals . Altho ugh it is called F ibr e Channel , its ar chitectu re r eprese nts neither a channel nor a r e al networ k topolog y . It allo ws f or an act iv e int elligent inte r connectio n scheme , called a fa bri c, to connec t de vi ces. All a F ibr e Channel po rt has to do is to manage a simple point-to -point co nnectio n between it self and the fa br ic . Se v era l common ULP s (Upper L e ve l Pr otocols) i ncl uding IP and S CS I can r un on F ibr e Channel , mer ging high- speed I/O and networ k func tionali t y in a single connecti vity techno log y . filemark A mark wr it ten b y the ho st to the tape th at can be sear ched f or , often u sing the dr iv eâs f ast-sear c h capabili ty . It does n ot necessar ily separ ate files . It is up t o the hos t to assi gn a meaning to the mar k. immediate mode A mode of r esponding to S CSI c ommands wher e the dri ve or other per ipheral does not wai t until the command has finished be fo re r eturning st atus inf or mation back to the hos t. F or w riting f ilemarks , Immediat e mode can si gnifi cantl y impr o v e the perfor mance of sy st ems that do not set the Immediate bit w hen sending a S CS I WRI TE FILEMARK S command. On the other hand , data is not f lushed to ta pe in r esponse t o a f ilemar k command . infinite flush B y def ault , the buffer in the dri ve is flushed e v ery 5 seconds. Inf inite f lu s h av oids fr e quent starting and sto pping o f the mechanism w hen using a very slo w appli cation . It also a v oi ds losing capac ity thro ugh the flu shing of partly wr itten gr o u ps . On the othe r hand , i nf inite f lush means that data can r emain in the buffer f or v ery long per i ods of time , and could be lost in the e v ent of a pow er failur e . LU N Lo g i c a l U n i t N u m b e r. A u n i q u e n u m b e r b y w h i c h a d e v ic e i s i d e n t i f i e d o n t h e S C S I bus. A tape dr i v e has a f ix ed L UN of 0. In an autol oader , the changer mechanism is L UN1. SAN Sto r age Ar ea Netw or k . A de dicated , high-speed netwo r k that es tablishes a dir ect connectio n between s tor age elements and server s. The har dwar e that connects w orkstati ons and ser ver s to stor age dev ices in a S AN is re ferr ed to as a fabr ic . The S A N fabr ic enables an y-server - to -any-sto rage de v ice co nnecti v ity thro ugh the use of F ibre Channel s w itc hing techno log y . SCSI Small Co mputer S ys tem Int erfaceâa standar d command spec if icati on and command s et that enables computer s and per ipher als to communi cate with eac h other . HPâs Ultr ium dr i v es adher e to the S CSI-3 s pecif ication and su pport all featur es re quir ed by that standar d .
Glossar y 37 Single -Ended and Lo w V oltage Differential S CSI The se terms de f ine ho w the signals ar e tr ansmitted along the cable . Wit h single -ended (SE) S CS I, each signal tr avel s o ver a single wir e and each signalâs v alue is deter mined by c ompar ing the signal to a pair ed gro und wi r e. Signal quality tends to decr eas e ov er longer cable lengths or at incr ea sed signal speed . Wit h lo w vo ltage differ ential (L VD) signaling , signals tr avel alo ng two w ires and the diff ere nce in v oltage betw een the w ir e pairs det ermine s the signal v alue . T his enables f aster dat a rat es and longer ca bling w ith less su sceptibility to noise than SE signaling and r educed pow er consumptio n . Narro w and Wide, F ast, Ultr a and Ultra2 SCS I Na rrow S CS I dev ices can tr ansfer data one b yte at-a - time (and ar e some times called â8-b it S CSI â dev ices). Th ey can conf or m to e ithe r the S C SI- 2 or S CSI-3 pr otoco ls. The y ha ve a 5 0 -pin connecti on to the S CS I bus . Wid e S C S I dev ices can transf er two b y te s of data simultaneousl y ( â16 -bit SCS Iâ). The y usually hav e a single, 6 8-pin co nnectio n to the S CSI bu s. (This ph ysi cal arr angement is part of the S CSI-3 spec ificati on.) T hey ma y support ei ther SCS I- 2 o r S CS I-3 pr otocols . W ide and nar ro w dev ices can simultaneou sly be co nnected to the same bus w ithout pr oblem , pr ov ided certain rules ar e follo wed. Fa s t S CS I can tr ansfer data at up to 10 MB/sec , using a cable of u p to 6 mete rs total length. Ultr a S CS I can tr ans fer data at u p to 20 MB/sec , but the ca ble length cannot e x ceed 3 meters (it is also k no w n as âF ast20â) . Ultr a2 S CS I can tr ansf er data at up t o 80 MB/sec, u s ing a ca ble of up t o 12 meter s. Ultr a16 0 SCS I can tr ansf er data at up to 160 MB/sec , u sing a cable of up to 12 meter s. Ultr a3 20 S CS I can tr ansfer data at up to 3 20 M B/sec, using a cable o f up to 12 meter s. Ultr a S CS I suppo rts both SE and L VD interfaces . Although Ultr a2 SCS I and abo ve can support SE de v ice s, this is no t r ecommended as the w hole bus is slo w ed to Ultr a speeds; instead , use L VD de vi ces onl y . HPâs Ultr ium dri ve s are Ultr a -3 20 compatible de vi ces. T he y should be u sed only on L VD host bu s adapters fo r max imum perf ormance .
Glossary 38 sequential access Sequential access de vi ces st ore data sequen tiall y in the or der in whi ch it is r ecei ved . T ape de vi ces ar e the most common sequential access de v ice s. Dev ice s such as disk dr i ves ar e dire ct acce ss de vi ces, w here dat a is sto red in bloc ks, not necessar ily seq uentiall y . Direct acces s allo ws f or speed of retr iev al , but is signif icantly mo re co stly .
Inde x Index 39 A AIX 21 ANSI 5 asynchronous data transfer 35 AT&T mode 35 B Berkeley mode 35 BOT 35 buffered mode 35 C compression 35 confirming installation 31 D data transfer 35 device files AIX 22 HP-U X 14 IBM (AIX) 21 Sun workstations 28 direct access 38 documents, related 5 F fast SCSI 37 fibre channel 36 filemarks 36 filenames under AIX 22 H HP A lpha 19 HP-U X sy st em s 13 determining SCSI-ID 13 device files 14 I IBM ( AI X) 21 determining SCSI ID 21 device files 21 immediate mode 36 infinite fl ush 36 ins ta lla tio n, v eri fy ing 31 L Linux 23 determining SCSI ID 23 LUN 36 LVD SCSI 37 M mode AT&T 35 Berkeley 35 immediate 36 N narrow SC SI 37 P PC-based UNIX - Linux 23 S SCSI 5 , 36 SCSI I D, dete r m ini n g HP-UX 13 IBM ( AI X) 21 Linux 23 Sun workstations 27 sequential access 38 single-ended SCSI 37 Sun workstations data values 29 determining SCSI ID 27 device files 28 synchronou s data transfer 35 systems HP-U X 13 Linux 23 U ultra SC SI 37 V verifying installation 31 W wide data transfer 35 wide SCSI 37 Inde x
Index 40